圣经研究/新约注释/马太福音/第 8 章
患麻风的人
1 当耶稣下山的时候，许多人跟随他。2 一个患麻风病的人来，跪在耶稣面前说：“主，如果你愿意，你可以使我洁净。”3 耶稣伸手摸那人，说：“我愿意，你洁净吧！”那人立刻就从麻风病中洁净了。4 然后耶稣对他说：“看哪，不要告诉任何人，但要到祭司那里去，献上摩西所吩咐的礼物，作为对他们的见证。”
百夫长的信心
5 当耶稣进了迦百农，一个百夫长来见他，求他帮助。6 他说：“主，我的仆人卧在家中，瘫痪了，非常痛苦。”7 耶稣对他说：“我去医治他。”8 百夫长回答说：“主，我不配让你到我的屋里来，只要你说一句话，我的仆人就会得医治。9 因为我自己也是在权柄之下的人，手下有兵士。我吩咐这个去，他就去；吩咐那个来，他就来；我对我的仆人说，‘做这个’，他就做。”10 耶稣听见这话，就惊讶了，对跟随他的人说：“我实在告诉你们，在以色列中，我没有见过这样大的信心。11 我告诉你们，许多人要从东方和西方来，在天上国里与亚伯拉罕、以撒和雅各一同坐席。12 但本国的子民要被丢在外面，在黑暗里，在那里要哀哭切齿。”13 然后耶稣对百夫长说：“去吧，照你所信的，就必如此。”就在那时，他的仆人就痊愈了。
耶稣医治许多人
14 当耶稣来到彼得的家里，看见彼得的岳母卧床发烧。15 耶稣摸了她的手，热就退了，她就起来服侍耶稣。16 到了晚上，许多被鬼附着的人被带到耶稣面前，耶稣只用一句话就赶出鬼，治好了所有病人。17 这是为了应验先知以赛亚所说的话：
- “他担当我们的疾病，
- 背负我们的痛苦。”
- “他担当我们的疾病，
跟随耶稣的代价
18 耶稣看见周围的人群，就吩咐过到湖那边去。19 这时，一个律法教师来见他，说：“老师，我无论到哪里，都要跟随你。”20 耶稣回答说：“狐狸有洞，天空的飞鸟有窝，但人子却没有地方枕头。”21 另一个门徒对他说：“主，请容许我先回去埋葬我的父亲。”22 耶稣对他说：“你跟着我，让死人埋葬他们的死人吧。”
耶稣平息风暴
23 然后他上了船，门徒也跟着他。24 忽然，湖上起了狂风，波浪翻滚，船快要被淹没。但耶稣在睡觉。25 门徒就来叫醒他，说：“主，救救我们，我们要沉了！”26 他回答说：“你们这小信的人，为什么害怕呢？”于是他起来，斥责风和海，风和海就平静下来。27 人们就惊奇地问：“这到底是什么人呢？连风和海都听他的话！”
医治两个被鬼附着的人
28 当耶稣来到对岸，就是格拉森人的地方，有两个被鬼附着的人从坟墓里出来迎见他。他们非常凶猛，没有人敢经过那条路。29 他们大声喊叫说：“神子，你与我们有什么事？你到这儿来是提前折磨我们吗？”30 离他们不远的地方，有一群猪在吃食。31 鬼就求耶稣说：“如果你赶我们出去，就让我们进入猪群吧。”32 耶稣对他们说：“去吧！”它们就出来，进入猪群，整个猪群都从陡峭的悬崖上冲进湖里淹死了。33 看管猪的人就逃跑了，进城去告诉了这一切，包括被鬼附着的人发生了什么事。34 于是全城的人出来迎接耶稣。他们看见耶稣，就哀求他离开他们的地区。
作者
早期教会的教父们都一致认为马太福音的作者是马太。马太是十二使徒之一，在遇见耶稣之前是一个税吏。马太没有像马可（不是目击者）那样写他的书，但马太有自己的安排，更多地关注耶稣的权柄。马太也更强调故事本身之外正在发生的事情。在耶稣平息风暴的故事中，马太更多地关注基督论，并将故事的重点放在耶稣的权能上。一些圣经研究者认为，马太跟随马可的做法，是为了表明马太同意马可，以及表明对基督的使徒见证没有分歧。
时间和地点
耶稣在以色列的加利利地区进行了大量的传道工作。耶稣也到迦百农传道。耶稣还渡过加利利海传道。我们不知道马太福音到底是在什么时候写成的，但我们知道它是在马可福音之后写成的。
文学
这是一个叙事。马太在这章中使用了旧约中常见的同义平行。马太也使用了与其他人相同的意象。对于平息风暴的故事，马太将这段经文构建为简单直接，同时将门徒训练和基督论融合在一起（Tate 220）。
马太福音 8 章记载了耶稣许多医治的奇迹：患麻风病的人、百夫长的仆人、彼得的岳母以及许多其他人。它还记载了耶稣关于跟随他的代价的警告、他平息加利利海上的风暴以及他赶出两个被鬼附着的人。
本章以一个患麻风病的人开始。然后耶稣路过，那人大声呼喊，求耶稣医治他，耶稣就医治了他。这个人有很大的信心，相信耶稣能医治他。还有另一个罗马百夫长，他相信耶稣能远距离医治他的仆人。耶稣在第 10 节说：“我实在告诉你们，在以色列中，我没有见过这样大的信心。”耶稣对百夫长的信心印象深刻。本章还讲述了耶稣在加利利地区四处行走，医治病人和被鬼附着的人。
然后耶稣告诉大家，为了跟随他，你需要愿意成为无家可归的人，不要担心埋葬你的家人。这意味着门徒需要跟随耶稣，并放弃一切来跟随他。
然后耶稣和他的门徒一起上了船。一场风暴来袭，门徒们害怕了，但耶稣平息了风暴。门徒们应该放弃一切，相信耶稣，相信一切都会好起来的。本章中耶稣最后一次医治，是两个被鬼附着的人。在这部分，我们看到，即使是鬼也认识耶稣，并服从他。这意味着耶稣赶走了鬼。
患麻风的人
这个故事讲述了一个患麻风病的人，他对耶稣能医治他充满了信心。耶稣看到这个人有很大的信心，就告诉他到河边去，把头浸在水里七次，这样他就能被医治。这个人照做了，麻风病就离开了他的身体。然后耶稣告诉他，去见祭司，遵守摩西的命令。
百夫长的信心
耶稣正往迦百农去，有一个百夫长来见耶稣，求耶稣医治他的仆人。那仆人瘫痪了，百夫长知道耶稣能帮助他，而且不必到他家里去。耶稣对百夫长说，他的信心很大。然后，耶稣就在那里说，仆人已经好了。百夫长回家的时候，仆人就真的好了。
耶稣医治许多人
这个故事告诉我们，耶稣医治了许多人，包括彼得的岳母。
跟随耶稣的代价
在这个小故事里，一个律法老师来到耶稣面前，想知道要怎样才能成为耶稣的门徒。耶稣告诉他，他必须无家可归，因为耶稣也是无家可归的。
耶稣平息风暴
耶稣上了船，要渡过湖去。耶稣睡着了，突然起了很大的风浪。门徒害怕得把耶稣叫醒，希望他救他们。耶稣回答他们，说他们不必害怕，只要信靠他就行了。之后，耶稣只用言语就止住了风和浪。门徒不知道发生了什么事。
医治两个被鬼附着的人
耶稣和门徒到了湖的对面，遇见了两个被鬼附身的人。被鬼附身的人问耶稣，他是不是要伤害他们。他们还要求耶稣把他们（鬼）赶进猪群，让猪跑到湖里淹死。然后耶稣就照做了。看到这一幕的人回到城里，告诉城里的人发生了什么事。城里的人出来，看到了发生的事情，就请耶稣离开他们的城。
马太福音第八章概述
[edit | edit source]- 1. 长大麻风的人（1-4）
- 2. 百夫长的信心（5-13）
- 3. 耶稣医治彼得的岳母（14-17）
- 4. 跟随耶稣的代价（18-22）
- 5. 耶稣医治了两个被鬼附身的人（28-34）
马太福音第八章的翻译差异
[edit | edit source]v1.
- KJV-multitudes
- NIV,ESV-large crowds
v2.
- KJV-"And behold,a leper came and worshiped Him,saying,"Lord,if You are willing You can make me clean."
- ESV-'and knelt before him'
- NIV-'A man with leprosy came'
v3.
- KJV-'Then Jesus put out His hand and touched him, saying,"I willing;be cleansed." And immediately his leprosy was cleansed."'
- ESV-'And Jesus stretched "I will;be clean."
- NIV-'Jesus reached out his hand and touched the man. "I am willing," he said. "Be clean!" Immediately he was cured of his leprosy.'
v4.
- KJV-"See that you tell no one; but go your way,""as a testimony to them."
- ESV-"See that you say nothing to anyone,but go,...for a proof to them."
- NIV-"See that you don't tell anyone."
v5.
- KJV-"a centurion came to Him, pleading with him."
- ESV-"a centurion came forward to him, appealing to him,"
- NIV-"a centurion came to him, asking for help."
v6.
- KJV-"saying,"Lord, my servant is lying at home paralyzed,dreadfully tormented."
- ESV-"Lord, my servant is lying paralyzed at home, suffering terribly."
- NIV-"Lord," he said,"my servant lies at home paralyzed and in terrible suffering."
v7.
- KJV-"And Jesus said to him,"I will come and heal him."
- ESV-"And he said to him,"
- NIV-"I will go..."
v9.
- KJV-"For I also am a man."
- ESV-"For I too am a man."
- NIV-"For I myself am a man."
v10.
- KJV-"He marveled...Assuredly,I say to you,I have not found such great faith, not even in Israel!"
- ESV-"Truly,I tell you,with no one in Israel have I found such faith."
- NIV-'he was astonished..."I tell you the truth, I have not found anyone in Israel with such great faith."
v11.
- ESV-"and recline at table with Abraham,"
- NIV-"and will take their places at the feast with Abraham."
v12.
- ESV-"while the sons of the Kingdom will be thrown into the outer darkness. In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth."
- NIV-"But the subject of the kingdom will be thrown outside, into the darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth."
- KJV-"But the sons of the Kingdom will be cast out into outer darkness. There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth."
v13.
- KJV-"Go your way;and as you have believed, so let it be done for you."..."that same hour."
- ESV-"Go;let it be done for you as you have believed."...that very moment.'
- NIV-"Go! It will be done just as you believed it would."...that very hour.'
v14.
- KJV-Now when Jesus had come into Peter's house,He saw his wife's mother lying sick with a fever."
- ESV-mother-in-law
- NIV-Peter's mother-in-law.
v15.
- KJV-"She arose and served them."
- ESV-She rose
- NIV-"She got up and began to wait on him."
v17.
- KJV-"He Himself took our infirmities And bore our sickness."
- ESV-"He took our illnesses and bore our diseases."
- NIV-"He took up our infirmities and carried our diseases."
v19.
- KJV-certain scribe
- NIV-teacher of the law
- ESV-scribe
v20.
- KJV-And Jesus said
- NIV-Jesus replied
v22.
- KJV-let
- ESV-leave
v24.
- KJV-"And suddenly a great tempest arose on the sea, so that the boat was covered with the waves. But He was asleep."
- ESV-"And behold, there arose a great storm on the sea,so that the boat was being swamped by the waves; but he was asleep."
v25.
- KJV-"Then His disciples came to Him and awoke Him, saying, "Lord, save us! We are perishing!"
- ESV-"And they went and woke him saying,"Save us, Lord; we are perishing."
- NIV-"We're going to drown!"
v26.
- KJV-"But He said to them,"Why are you fearful, O you of little faith?" Then He arose and rebuked the winds and the sea. And there was a great calm."
- ESV-"Why are you afraid,"
- NIV-"He replied,"You of little faith, why are you so afraid?" Then he got up and rebuked the wind and the waves, and it was completely calm."
v27.
- KJV-"And the men marveled, saying,"Who can this be, that even the winds and the sea obey him?"
- ESV-"And the men marveled, saying,"What sort of man is this, that even winds and sea obey him?"
- NIV-"The men were amazed and asked,"What kind of man is this? Even the winds and the waves obey him!"
v28.
- KJV-"When He had come to the other side, to the country of the Gergesenes, these met Him two demon-possessed men, coming out of the tombs, exceedingly fierce, so that no one could pass that way."
- NIV-"When he arrived at the other side in the region of the Gadarenes, two demon-possessed men coming from the tombs met him. They were so violent that no one could pass that way."
v29.
- KJV-"And suddenly they cried out, saying,"What have we to do with You, Jesus, You Son of God? Have You Come here to torment us before the time?"
- ESV-"And behold, they cried out,"What have you to do with us, O Son of God? Have you come here to torment us before the time?"
- NIV-"What do you want with us, Son of God? "They shouted. "Have you come here to torture us before the appointed time?"
v30.
- KJV-"Now a good way off from them there was a herd of many swine feeding."
- ESV-"Now a herd of many pigs was feeding at some distance from them."
- NIV-"Some distance from them a large herd of pigs was feeding."
v31.
- KJV-"So the demons begged Him, saying, "If you cast us out, permit us to go away into the herd of swine."
- NIV-"The demons begged Jesus,"If you drive us out, send us into the herd of pigs."
v32.
- KJV-"And He said to them,"go." So when they had come out, they went into the herd of swine. And suddenly the whole herd of swine ran violently down the steep place into the sea, and perished in the water."
- ESV- "...So they came out and went into the pig, and behold, the whole herd rushed down the steep bank into the sea and drowned in the waters."
- NIV-"...steep bank into the lake and died in the water."
v33.
- KJV-"Then those who kept them fled; and they went away into the city and told everything, including what had happened to the demon-possessed men."
- ESV-"The herdsmen fled, and going into the city they told everything,especially what had happened to the demon-possessed men."
- NIV-"Those tending the pigs ran off, went into town and reported all this, including what had happened to the demon-possessed men."
v34.
- KJV-"And behold, the whole city came out to meet Jesus. And when they saw Him, they begged Him to depart from their region."
- ESV-"And behold, all the city came out to meet Jesus, and when they saw him, they begged him to leave their region."
- NIV-"Then the whole town went out to meet Jesus. And when they saw him, they pleaded with him to leave their region."
参考文献
[edit | edit source]唐纳德·西尼尔. 阿宾登新约注释 马太福音. 阿宾登出版社 纳什维尔. 1998.
曼利奥·西蒙内蒂. 古代基督教圣经注释 新约 Ia. 校际出版社. 伊利诺伊州唐纳斯格罗夫. 2001.
泰特, 马文·E. 马太福音. 词汇圣经注释. 达拉斯: 词汇出版社, 1990.