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国际象棋中级玩家指南/开局基础

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什么是开局?

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开局是游戏的第一阶段。在开局中,你需要

  1. 快速发展棋子。这在很多情况下都有帮助,因为棋子很强大且快速。在后面的课程中,我们将看到如果你不发展棋子会发生什么问题。
  2. 控制并占据中心。这非常重要,因为你可以在棋盘上获得更多空间。中心位置的棋子非常强大,因为它们可以控制更多方格。
  3. 保护国王。这一点非常明显,因为如果你失去国王就输掉比赛。虽然找到合适的庇护所有时很棘手。

两种不同的开局

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这个例子将向你展示两种不同的开局。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 white pawnh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 black kingh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
黑棋用一个兵占据e5,控制了中心。

这种情况展示了两种不同的开局方式,即首先控制中心(称为“古典开局”,黑棋正在做的事情)和首先发展(称为“超现代开局”,白棋正在做的事情)。白棋的想法可能并不那么明显,但我们将在下一回合看到推动g兵一格的意义。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black pawne5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 white pawnh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white bishoph2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
接着 2. ... d5!?

黑棋走出了2...d5,另一个兵推进到中心。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black pawne5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 white pawnc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 white pawnh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white bishopc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white bishoph2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 black kingd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
接着 3. b3 Nc6 4. Bb2 Nf6。

黑棋发展了骑士并支援了中心兵(在此之前,兵很弱,如果黑棋移动皇后,白棋可以走Bxd5)。因此,在双方都走了四步之后,我们可以看到两种不同的中心策略。黑棋既占据又控制了中心,而白棋也控制了中心,但还没有实际占据中心。我们应该更喜欢黑棋现在的局面,但白棋的局面也还不错。

发展非常重要。如果你能将你的棋子发展到合适的方格,那么你就能对对手的弱格(例如f7)发起攻击,并迅速取得领先。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black kingb8 black rookc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black kingb7 black kingc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black king7
6a6 black knightb6 black pawnc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black pawn6
5a5 black pawnb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white bishopd4 white pawne4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 white knightd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 black kinge2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
好的发展vs. 坏的发展

白棋有一个非常好的局面。在这个局面中,白棋迅速发展了自己的棋子,将它们放在了有用的方格上,并且控制并占据了中心。但黑棋并没有迅速发展自己的棋子,也没有将棋子放在有用的方格上。他也没有控制中心。然而,最重要的是他的国王很弱!在弱格f7上发动攻击和牺牲是一种常见的将军模式。我们将在后面的课程中谈论将军模式,请记住攻击f7可以迫使对手的国王进入一个危险的方格。然后他的国王将失去保护,你将轻松获胜。

那么问题是:白棋在这里可以走哪一步来引诱黑棋国王出局并发展一个将军攻击?

a b c d e f g h
8 a8 black king b8 black rook c8 black bishop d8 black queen e8 black king f8 black bishop g8 black knight h8 black rook 8
7 a7 black king b7 black king c7 black pawn d7 black pawn e7 black pawn f7 white bishop g7 black pawn h7 black king 7
6 a6 black knight b6 black pawn c6 black king d6 black king e6 black king f6 black king g6 black king h6 black pawn 6
5 a5 black pawn b5 black king c5 black king d5 black king e5 black king f5 black king g5 black king h5 black king 5
4 a4 black king b4 black king c4 black king d4 white pawn e4 white pawn f4 black king g4 black king h4 black king 4
3 a3 black king b3 black king c3 white knight d3 black king e3 black king f3 white knight g3 black king h3 black king 3
2 a2 white pawn b2 white pawn c2 white pawn d2 black king e2 black king f2 white pawn g2 white pawn h2 white pawn 2
1 a1 white rook b1 black king c1 white bishop d1 white queen e1 white king f1 black king g1 black king h1 white rook 1
a b c d e f g h
在f7上牺牲……
a b c d e f g h
8 a8 black king b8 black rook c8 black bishop d8 black queen e8 black king f8 black bishop g8 black knight h8 black rook 8
7 a7 black king b7 black king c7 black pawn d7 black pawn e7 black pawn f7 black king g7 black pawn h7 black king 7
6 a6 black knight b6 black pawn c6 black king d6 black king e6 black king f6 black king g6 black king h6 black pawn 6
5 a5 black pawn b5 black king c5 black king d5 black king e5 black king f5 black king g5 black king h5 black king 5
4 a4 black king b4 black king c4 black king d4 white pawn e4 white pawn f4 black king g4 black king h4 black king 4
3 a3 black king b3 black king c3 white knight d3 black king e3 black king f3 white knight g3 black king h3 black king 3
2 a2 white pawn b2 white pawn c2 white pawn d2 black king e2 black king f2 white pawn g2 white pawn h2 white pawn 2
1 a1 white rook b1 black king c1 white bishop d1 white queen e1 white king f1 black king g1 black king h1 white rook 1
a b c d e f g h
……黑棋必须回吃……
a b c d e f g h
8 a8 black king b8 black rook c8 black bishop d8 black queen e8 black king f8 black bishop g8 black knight h8 black rook 8
7 a7 black king b7 black king c7 black pawn d7 black pawn e7 black pawn f7 black king g7 black pawn h7 black king 7
6 a6 black knight b6 black pawn c6 black king d6 black king e6 black king f6 black king g6 black king h6 black pawn 6
5 a5 black pawn b5 black king c5 black king d5 black king e5 white knight f5 black king g5 black king h5 black king 5
4 a4 black king b4 black king c4 black king d4 white pawn e4 white pawn f4 black king g4 black king h4 black king 4
3 a3 black king b3 black king c3 white knight d3 black king e3 black king f3 black king g3 black king h3 black king 3
2 a2 white pawn b2 white pawn c2 white pawn d2 black king e2 black king f2 white pawn g2 white pawn h2 white pawn 2
1 a1 white rook b1 black king c1 white bishop d1 white queen e1 white king f1 black king g1 black king h1 white rook 1
a b c d e f g h
……另一个将军……
a b c d e f g h
8 a8 black king b8 black rook c8 black bishop d8 black queen e8 black king f8 black bishop g8 black knight h8 black rook 8
7 a7 black king b7 black king c7 black pawn d7 black pawn e7 black pawn f7 black king g7 black pawn h7 black king 7
6 a6 black knight b6 black pawn c6 black king d6 black king e6 black king f6 black king g6 black king h6 black pawn 6
5 a5 black pawn b5 black king c5 black king d5 black king e5 white knight f5 black king g5 black king h5 black king 5
4 a4 black king b4 black king c4 black king d4 white pawn e4 white pawn f4 black king g4 black king h4 black king 4
3 a3 black king b3 black king c3 white knight d3 black king e3 black king f3 black king g3 black king h3 black king 3
2 a2 white pawn b2 white pawn c2 white pawn d2 black king e2 black king f2 white pawn g2 white pawn h2 white pawn 2
1 a1 white rook b1 black king c1 white bishop d1 white queen e1 white king f1 black king g1 black king h1 white rook 1
a b c d e f g h
……黑棋国王非常暴露……
a b c d e f g h
8 a8 black king b8 black rook c8 black bishop d8 black queen e8 black king f8 black bishop g8 black knight h8 black rook 8
7 a7 black king b7 black king c7 black pawn d7 black pawn e7 black pawn f7 black king g7 black pawn h7 black king 7
6 a6 black knight b6 black pawn c6 black king d6 black king e6 black king f6 black king g6 black king h6 black pawn 6
5 a5 black pawn b5 black king c5 black king d5 black king e5 white knight f5 black king g5 black king h5 black king 5
4 a4 black king b4 black king c4 black king d4 white pawn e4 white pawn f4 black king g4 black king h4 black king 4
3 a3 black king b3 black king c3 white knight d3 black king e3 black king f3 white queen g3 black king h3 black king 3
2 a2 white pawn b2 white pawn c2 white pawn d2 black king e2 black king f2 white pawn g2 white pawn h2 white pawn 2
1 a1 white rook b1 black king c1 white bishop d1 black king e1 white king f1 black king g1 black king h1 white rook 1
a b c d e f g h
……白棋将皇后带入攻击……
a b c d e f g h
8 a8 black king b8 black rook c8 black bishop d8 black queen e8 black king f8 black bishop g8 black knight h8 black rook 8
7 a7 black king b7 black king c7 black pawn d7 black pawn e7 black pawn f7 black king g7 black pawn h7 black king 7
6 a6 black knight b6 black pawn c6 black king d6 black king e6 black king f6 black king g6 black king h6 black pawn 6
5 a5 black pawn b5 black king c5 black king d5 black king e5 white knight f5 black king g5 black king h5 black king 5
4 a4 black king b4 black king c4 black king d4 white pawn e4 white pawn f4 black king g4 black king h4 black king 4
3 a3 black king b3 black king c3 white knight d3 black king e3 black king f3 white queen g3 black king h3 black king 3
2 a2 white pawn b2 white pawn c2 white pawn d2 black king e2 black king f2 white pawn g2 white pawn h2 white pawn 2
1 a1 white rook b1 black king c1 white bishop d1 black king e1 white king f1 black king g1 black king h1 white rook 1
a b c d e f g h
……黑棋别无选择,这是唯一的选择……
a b c d e f g h
8 a8 black king b8 black rook c8 black bishop d8 black queen e8 black king f8 black bishop g8 black knight h8 black rook 8
7 a7 black king b7 black king c7 black pawn d7 black pawn e7 black pawn f7 black king g7 black pawn h7 black king 7
6 a6 black knight b6 black pawn c6 black king d6 black king e6 black king f6 black king g6 black king h6 black pawn 6
5 a5 black pawn b5 black king c5 black king d5 black king e5 white knight f5 white queen g5 black king h5 black king 5
4 a4 black king b4 black king c4 black king d4 white pawn e4 white pawn f4 black king g4 black king h4 black king 4
3 a3 black king b3 black king c3 white knight d3 black king e3 black king f3 black king g3 black king h3 black king 3
2 a2 white pawn b2 white pawn c2 white pawn d2 black king e2 black king f2 white pawn g2 white pawn h2 white pawn 2
1 a1 white rook b1 black king c1 white bishop d1 black king e1 white king f1 black king g1 black king h1 white rook 1
a b c d e f g h
……将黑棋国王越推越远……

注意白棋的所有攻击性棋步都是将军!这可以节省时间。

练习

a b c d e f g h
8 a8 black king b8 black rook c8 black bishop d8 black queen e8 black king f8 black bishop g8 black knight h8 black rook 8
7 a7 black king b7 black king c7 black pawn d7 black pawn e7 black pawn f7 black king g7 black pawn h7 black king 7
6 a6 black knight b6 black pawn c6 black king d6 black king e6 black king f6 black king g6 black king h6 black pawn 6
5 a5 black pawn b5 black king c5 black king d5 black king e5 white knight f5 white queen g5 black king h5 black king 5
4 a4 black king b4 black king c4 black king d4 white pawn e4 white pawn f4 black king g4 black king h4 black king 4
3 a3 black king b3 black king c3 white knight d3 black king e3 black king f3 black king g3 black king h3 black king 3
2 a2 white pawn b2 white pawn c2 white pawn d2 black king e2 black king f2 white pawn g2 white pawn h2 white pawn 2
1 a1 white rook b1 black king c1 white bishop d1 black king e1 white king f1 black king g1 black king h1 white rook 1
a b c d e f g h
……现在轮到你了。看看你能否找到白棋的最后一步!

检查

如何保护你的国王?

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既然我们知道如何攻击对手的国王,那么我们将学习如何保护自己的国王。

现在是埃文斯弃兵。首先,你需要知道什么是弃兵:弃兵是牺牲,通常是牺牲一个兵,很少情况下会牺牲更大的棋子。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black kingg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black bishopb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white bishopd4 black pawne4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 white pawnd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 black kingc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
著名的埃文斯弃兵局面。白棋试图发展自己的棋子。

黑棋吃掉了两个白棋兵,但他的局面很弱。注意白棋没有打破f2-g2-h2上的“兵墙”。它保护了f1、g1和h1,所以白棋需要尽快将国王带入“保护”方格。请记住

侧翼兵很强大!

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black kingg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black bishopb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white bishopd4 black pawne4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 white pawnd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 black kingc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 black kingf1 white rookg1 white kingh1 black king1
a b c d e f g h
受保护的国王

O-O,一个绝佳的选择!国王在受保护的方格g1上,并且车也已经发展。现在白棋可以像以前一样准备攻击f7!(你还记得“好的发展vs. 坏的发展”吗?)

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black kingg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black bishopb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white bishopd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black pawnd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 black kingc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 black kingf1 white rookg1 white kingh1 black king1
a b c d e f g h
黑棋在兵力上领先,但处于危险之中。

黑棋再吃一个兵,但现在白棋可以简单地在b3-f7上组成一个电池(我们将在下一章学习电池)。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black kingg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black bishopb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white bishopd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 white queenc3 black pawnd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 black kingc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 black kinge1 black kingf1 white rookg1 white kingh1 black king1
a b c d e f g h
这一步的目标是f7。

现在黑棋要输了。他的f7格已经变得很弱。(你注意到这一步也是将军威胁吗?)历史上这种情况已经出现过很多次,黑棋在这些棋局中大部分都输了。

白棋第一步

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许多国际象棋棋手在第一步上就卡住了。当你执白棋时,如何选择第一步?

在起始局面中,有20种合法的棋步。我们将分析5种最常见的棋步,这些棋步占了98%的国际象棋棋局(如果你想了解更多关于国际象棋理论的知识,维基教科书有一本名为“国际象棋开局理论”的书籍)。

侧翼兵移动

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移动车兵(a3、a4、h3、h4)是错误的!它既不发展任何棋子,也不控制中心。此外,黑棋可以简单地走d5或e5,控制中心。

移动b3和g3是不错的选择。它们可以准备将主教 fianchetto(我们将在后面的课程中学习 fianchetto)。b4还可以,虽然黑棋可以走e5,白棋必须防守自己的兵。g4很糟糕,因为它削弱了王翼,黑棋可以走d4,威胁白棋兵。


翼兵移动

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移动c3不太好。虽然它控制了d4方格并解放了皇后,但它阻塞了b1骑士的c3格。c4很好,因为它解放了皇后并控制了重要的d5格。f3是白棋可以走的最糟糕的棋步之一,因为它削弱了王翼。f4很冒险。它控制了重要的e5格,但没有发展任何棋子,并且略微削弱了白棋的王翼。

中兵移动

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移动d3和e3相当被动。它们发展了棋子,但没有阻止黑棋走d5或e5。然而,d4和e4控制了中心,阻止了黑棋轻松走e5和d5,并且发展了棋子。它们是最好的开局棋步之一。

骑士移动

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将马移动到 Na3 或 Nh3 是将马移动到无用的位置。将马移动到 Nc3 是可行的。它控制了 e4 和 d5,同时发展了一个棋子,尽管白方的 c 卒被封锁了。Nf3 可能是最好的马移动。它控制了 d4 和 e5,同时发展了一个棋子,并为王翼城堡做准备。

黑方的第一步棋

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象棋玩家并不总是执白棋,那么当你执黑棋时,如何走第一步呢?让我们假设你的对手先走 e4。

侧翼兵移动

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走车兵 (a6, a5, h6, h5) 就好像白方走安德森、韦尔、克莱门兹或德普雷开局一样。此步棋没有发展任何棋子(韦尔和德普雷开局准备发展车,但这几乎没有用,而且会导致一个陷阱,你可能会牺牲一个车换一个象)。

走 b6 是一个不错的选择(虽然不太流行),因为它可以用来防守白方任何第一步棋,而且你有一个计划来斜线发展象。同样,走 g6 也是一个不错的选择,因为原因相同。

走 g5 太激进。你有一个“漂浮”的兵,远离你的堡垒,而且你甚至没有使用它。

走 b5 是一个错误的走法!你可能会问,“为什么白方第一步没有错误的走法,而黑方第一步就有错误的走法?”这就是象棋的不公平之处。白方先走,因此他可以以第一步棋来造成一个强大的威胁——e4。所以黑方必须避免他的威胁(这就是为什么几乎所有黑方的开局棋步都被称为“XXX 防守”,而几乎所有白方的开局棋步都被称为“XXX 进攻”!)。你可能会问:“那么,无论如何,b5 为什么是错误的?”那是因为这仅仅是“赠送”了一个兵给白方。白方可以简单地走 Bxb5,吃掉你免费的“漂浮”的兵!虽然这可以被称作“弃兵开局”,但这无偿地弃掉了一个兵,所以不要走这步棋。

翼兵移动

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走 f5 是一个错误的走法!它像 b5 一样无偿地牺牲了一个兵,白方可以走 exf5 吃掉这个兵。

走 f6 也是一个错误的走法,因为它严重地**削弱**了黑方的王翼,白方可以攻击由王翼象兵防守和封锁的“空隙”。

走 c5 被称为西西里防御,这是 1950 年代黑方应对 1. e4 的最流行的第一步棋。尽管它是对抗 1. e4 的最佳棋步之一,但它也有缺点。如果你没有仔细走棋(小心:你通常会在你的水平上犯这个错误),局面将非常危险。所以,如果你没有多少经验,就不要尝试它。

走 c6 被称为卡罗-卡恩防御。它是一个稳固、良好的棋步,可以应对白方的任何第一步棋。

骑士移动

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走 Na6 或 Nh6 是在发展棋子,但位置无用。不推荐此走法。

走 Nf6 被称为阿列克欣防御。这种防御还算不错。虽然它邀请白方推进他的兵,但黑方很快就会攻击中心。

此外,走 Nc6 被称为尼姆佐维奇防御。此走法是可行的。在白方走 2. d4 后,黑方可以推进 d 兵。

中兵移动

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d5 被称为斯堪的纳维亚防御。它通常会导致 2. exd5 Qxd5,将后方移动到棋盘上,白方可以走 3. Nc3,发展一个棋子,并追赶黑方的后方。在这种情况下,黑方通常会走 3...Qa5,所以如果你想走这步棋,那么请记住这一步。

e6 是一步稳固的棋步,被称为法国防御。也可以用来应对白方的任何第一步棋。注意:这可能会造成复杂的麻烦,我曾经输了一局棋,就是使用了这种棋步。如果你真的想走这步棋,那么这里有一个你可以记住的步骤:1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. exd5 (3. Nf3 Nc6) 3...exd5

d6 被称为皮尔茨防御,就像法国防御一样,它是一种不错的防御。我们将在更高级的课程中讨论它。

e5 是黑方最流行的两步第一步棋之一,被称为开放局(或双王兵开局)。我**真的**建议你走这步棋!它有非常有趣的步骤,我们将在本书中主要讨论它。

什么是学者定式?

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有些棋手可能会为初学者设置这个“学者定式”陷阱。使用这个开局,你可以在四步棋内赢得比赛。然而,这个陷阱很容易避免,在本节课中,我们将讨论如何防御它。让我们来看一看。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 1. e4 后

这个局面就是王兵开局。在走 1. e4 后,白方可以将他的象和后方移动到棋盘上。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white bishopd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 2. Bc4 后

在黑方复制白方第一步棋后,白方将一个象方移动到棋盘上。白方的计划是什么?他计划攻击 f7 兵,因为只有黑方王在保护它,所以白方只需在 f7 兵只被防守一次的情况下,攻击两次就可以简单地吃掉它。接下来,黑方用一个非常被动的走法来应对——2...Nc6。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white bishopd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 2...Nc6 后

更流行的走法是 2. ... Nf6,攻击白方的 e4 兵,白方需要保护它,而且它也避免了陷阱,因为它会防守 h5。下一步棋是…

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 white queen5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white bishopd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 black kinge1 white kingf1 black kingg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 3. Qh5 后

现在 f7 兵被白方的象和后方攻击两次,但是,它只被黑方的王防守一次!白方威胁下一步将杀,但如果黑方封锁 f7 格并保护它,黑方就可以避免这个陷阱。

此步棋的另一种变招是 3. Qf3。但是,黑方可以用 3...Nf6 封锁它。

这里黑方走了一个“错误”。错误是走了一步非常糟糕的棋。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 white queen5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white bishopd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 black kinge1 white kingf1 black kingg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
3...Nf6?? 是一个错误。看起来不错,因为它攻击了白方的后方!但是,有一些问题。现在轮到你在一步棋内将杀!

练习

检查

你已经学会了学者定式!记住要避免它。不要让对手以这种方式获胜。

为什么模仿战术不起作用

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你可能会问,“什么是模仿战术?”

模仿是指“复制对手的走法”。只有黑方可以使用这个战术,因为他不需要先走棋。

然而,它**不起作用**。让我们来看一个著名的陷阱,黑方在这个陷阱中使用了模仿战术。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 1...e5 后

记住,这是开放局。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 2...Nf6 后

这里还没有任何问题。这被称为彼得罗夫防御,试图反击白方的 e4 兵。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 white knightf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 3. Nxe5 后

白方走了一个好棋,吃掉了黑方在 e5 的兵。黑方进行模仿,即…

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 white knightf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 black knightf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 3...Nxe4? 后

糟糕!黑方应该走 3...d6,攻击白方的马。相反,他继续使用模仿战术。白方有一个很好的计划。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 white knightf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 black knightf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 white queenf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 black kinge1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 4. Qe2! 后

白方威胁要吃掉黑方正在攻击的马。不仅如此,白方还有一个强大的计划。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 white knightf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 white queenf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 black kinge1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 4...Nf6? 后
He saved his knight, but White plan is now unstoppable! We'll talk about the "tactic" later in this book. Let's take a look.
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 white knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 white queenf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 black kinge1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 5. Nc6+!! 后

你可能会问,“这是在**无偿地牺牲**一个马!黑方可以用兵直接吃掉白方的马!”不对!你注意到黑方也处于将军状态了吗,是由白方的后方造成的?此外,黑方的后方也处于攻击状态!这个强大的棋步被称为“将军现形”。现在,你不需要记住它。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black kingg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black bishopf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 white knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 white queenf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 black kinge1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 5...Be7 后

黑方被迫解除了将军。他将会失去后方。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 white knighte8 black kingf8 black kingg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black bishopf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 white queenf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 black kinge1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 6. Nxd8 后

黑方该认输了。在象棋中不要做“模仿者”!

另一个陷阱

[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

我们已经看到了两个开局陷阱,对吧?这里还有一个开局陷阱。


a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 black kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 1. d4 后

这是后兵开局。这个走法也很好(参见“白方第一步棋”部分)。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black pawne5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 black kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 1...d5 后

流行而且好。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black pawne5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white pawnd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 2. c4 后

这被称为**弃兵开局**——为了获得更好的局面而牺牲一个兵。这个开局(1. d4 d5 2. c4)甚至有一个名字:后兵开局或 QG。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black pawnf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black pawne5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white pawnd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 2...e6 后

黑方拒绝了弃兵!这被称为后兵开局拒后兵,或 QGD。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black pawnf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black pawne5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white pawnd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 white knightd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 3. Nc3 后

简单地发展。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black pawnf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black pawne5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white pawnd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 white knightd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 3...Nf6 后

也是简单地发展。这里还没有任何问题…

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black pawnf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black pawne5 black kingf5 black kingg5 white bishoph5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white pawnd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 white knightd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 black kingd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 4. Bg5 后

这仍然是发展。注意白方的王翼,还没有发展任何棋子。此外,尽管“钉住”黑方的马是一个众所周知的战术(我们将在以后学习钉住),但白方的象距离很远,孤立无援,而且很危险,但是被钉住的马可能有机会逃脱(例如,Be7 保护后方,然后黑方可以将马移开)。这个开局甚至有一个名字:“QGD 现代变招”,但“现代”并不总是意味着“好”。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black knighte7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black pawnf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black pawne5 black kingf5 black kingg5 white bishoph5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white pawnd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 white knightd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 black kingd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 4...Nd7 后

这是一个好棋,尽管 Nc6 更好。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black knighte7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black pawnf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 white pawne5 black kingf5 black kingg5 white bishoph5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 white knightd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 black kingd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 5. cxd5 后

白方计划在 d5 上赢得换子。有两个攻击者,只有一个防守者,所以白方决定先吃掉它。(注意,f6 马被钉住了,如果黑方移动它,他会失去后方。因此,这是一个“假防守者”。)

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black knighte7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black pawne5 black kingf5 black kingg5 white bishoph5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 white knightd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 black kingd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 5...exd5 后
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black knighte7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 white knighte5 black kingf5 black kingg5 white bishoph5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 black kingd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 6. Nxd5 后

看起来白方白吃了一个兵,但是黑方走了一个令人惊讶的棋!

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black knighte7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black knighte5 black kingf5 black kingg5 white bishoph5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 black kingd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 6...Nxd5!! 后

虽然黑方在这里失去了一个后方,但他可以很快赢回它。此外,黑方在物质上领先,因为他吃掉了一个马,而这个马吃掉了一个“免费”的兵。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 white bishope8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black knighte7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black knighte5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 black kingd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 7. Bxd8 后

白方吃掉皇后。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 white bishope8 black kingf8 black kingg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black knighte7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black knighte5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black bishopc4 black kingd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 black kingd2 black kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 black kingd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 7...Bd4+ 之后

将军!现在白方必须用皇后来挡住将军,因为他没有发展任何王翼兵力。白方国王处于危险之中。

}}

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 white bishope8 black kingf8 black kingg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black knighte7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black knighte5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black bishopc4 black kingd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 black kingd2 white queene2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 black kingd1 black kinge1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 8. Qd2 之后

被迫的。

}}

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 white bishope8 black kingf8 black kingg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black knighte7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black knighte5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 black kingd2 black bishope2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 black kingd1 black kinge1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 8...Bxd2+ 之后
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 white bishope8 black kingf8 black kingg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black knighte7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black knighte5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 white pawne4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 black kingd2 white kinge2 white pawnf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 black kingd1 black kinge1 black kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 9. Kxd2 之后

当然。这看起来很混乱,但由于白方骑士可能会去吃兵,并且意外地被吃掉,黑方占据优势。 d8 上的象显然是死棋,因为黑方可以在下一回合吃掉它。

另一个快速将军的例子

[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

本章的最后一个开局陷阱!

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black kingd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black pawne6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white bishopd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black bishoph4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 3...Bg4?! 之后

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 被称为菲利多尔防御。 3. Bc4 Bg4?!。正如我之前所说,尽管这是一种战术,但孤立的象处于危险之中。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black kingd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black kingh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black pawne6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black pawnh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white bishopd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black bishoph4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 white knightd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 4...g6? 之后

另一个错误。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black kingd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black kingh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black pawne6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black pawnh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 white knightf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 white bishopd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 white knightd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 white bishopd1 black bishope1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 5...Bxd1?? 之后
This looks a bit like the previous example, where it uses the pinned knight. Black has a much better move: dxe5, even though after Qxg4 he would be down a pawn, he would still have chances.
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black kingd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black kingf7 white bishopg7 black kingh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black pawne6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black pawnh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 white knightf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 white knightd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 white bishopd1 black bishope1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 6. Bxf7! 之后

如果你想要一个快速将军,你需要攻击 f7 格子两次,而它只由黑方国王防守。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black kingd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black kingf7 white bishopg7 black kingh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black pawne6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black pawnh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 white knightf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 white knightd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 white bishopd1 black bishope1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
6...Ke7

被迫的。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black kingd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black kingf7 white bishopg7 black kingh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black pawne6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black pawnh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 white knighte5 white knightf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 white bishopd1 black bishope1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
在 7. Nd5# 之后

将军。

您已经完成了“开局基础知识”一章。您已经学习了

  1. 控制中心。
  2. 发展您的棋子。
  3. 保护您的国王安全。
  4. 选择您的第一步。
  5. 避免一些常见的开局陷阱。

下一章再见,初学者战术

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