经济谬误/109
<pagequality level="3" user="Zoeannl" />style="background: #ececec; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.5em; font-weight: bold;" class="table-rh"nature. It is indeed a product upon which no human labour has ever been bestowed.
M. DE SAINT-CRICQ: Yes; nature has undoubtedly created the coal, but labour has imparted value to it. For the millions of years during which it was buried 100 fathoms under ground, unknown to everybody, it was destitute of value. It was necessary to search for it—that is labour; it was necessary to send it to market—that is additional labour. Then the price you pay for it in the market is nothing else than the remuneration of the labour of mining and transport.[1]
到目前为止,我们看到 M. de Saint-Cricq 的论点占优势;原材料的价值,就像制成品的价值一样,代表了生产成本,也就是说,在其中投入的劳动;不可能想象一个拥有价值的产品,而这个产品没有投入任何人类劳动;请愿者所做的区别在理论上是无用的;作为不平等分配恩惠的基础,它在实践中将是不公正的,因为结果将是我们的三分之一同胞,他们碰巧从事制造业,将获得垄断优势,理由是他们通过劳动生产,而另外三分之二——即农业人口——将被抛弃到竞争中,理由是他们通过无劳动生产。
我敢肯定,对此的回应将是,一个国家从进口所谓原材料(无论是由劳动生产还是未由劳动生产)和出口制成品中获得更多利益。这将被重复和坚持,这是一个被广泛认可的观点。
- ↑ 我不具体说明租户、资本家等的报酬部分,原因有以下几点:1st,因为仔细观察,你会发现报酬总是归结为偿还预付款或支付之前的劳动。2dly,因为在劳动一词中,我不仅包括工人的工资,还包括一切参与生产工作的合法报酬。3dly(最重要的是),因为制成品的生产,就像原材料的生产一样,要负担除单纯体力劳动费用以外的其他辅助报酬;而且,这种本身就很肤浅的反对意见,同样适用于最精细的制造工艺,也适用于最粗俗的农业操作。