马匹营养/蛋白质

蛋白质

以下信息摘自 https://class.coursera.org/equinenutrition-001/wiki/view?page=Week2 Jo-Anne Murray 的马匹营养学

蛋白质 • 用于各种功能

 – Structural (e.g. muscle, skin, hair)
 – Enzymes (catalysts that affect the rate of reactions in the body)
 – Hormones (chemical messengers that regulate metabolic processes)
 – Immune compounds (for fighting infection)
 – Transport compounds (e.g. transport of nutrients)

• 由氨基酸链组成

• 必需和非必需氨基酸

• 非必需蛋白质：由动物合成

• 必需蛋白质（需要从饮食中补充）

 – Lysine (first limiting: present in the least amount relative to requirement)
 – Methionine
 – Threonine
 – Isoleucine
 – Valine
 – Arginine
 – Tryptophan
 – Histidine
 – Phenylalanine

• 蛋白质分解始于胃

 – Acidity denatures the proteins
 – Pepsin partially degrades proteins into smaller peptides
 – No protein absorption in the stomach

• 在小肠中进一步分解

 – Proteases break down proteins to amino acids
 – Absorbed across Small Intestine gut wall

• 与植物细胞壁相关的蛋白质 - 在大肠中发酵

• 在小肠中消化的蛋白质 - 被马匹使用

• 大肠中没有氨基酸吸收

• 大肠中的微生物降解蛋白质

 – Used for microbial growth
 – No biological value to horse