海地克里奥尔语/动词时态

海地克里奥尔语没有动词变位。在现在非进行时态中，只需要使用基本动词形式来表示 静态动词

海地克里奥尔语	英语
Mwen pale kreyòl	I speak Haitian Creole

注意，当 动作动词 的基本形式在没有任何动词 标记 的情况下使用时，通常被理解为指代过去

海地克里奥尔语	英语
mwen manje	I eat
ou manje	you eat
li manje	he/she eat
nou manje	we eat
yo manje	they eat

(注意，manje 既可以表示“食物”也可以表示“吃” - m ap manje bon manje 表示“我正在吃美味的食物”。)。

对于其他 时态，需要在动词之前放置特定的“时态标记”词。基本标记有

时态标记	时态	注释
te (简写：t)	一般过去时
tap (或 t ap)	过去 进行时	te 和 ap 的组合。
ap	现在进行时，近未来或确定 未来。	对于 ap 和 a，代词 几乎总是使用短语形式（见下文）。
a	未来	一些使用限制
pral	近未来或确定 未来	翻译为“将要”
ta	将来时	te 和 a 的组合。

• 短语形式为：m 代表 mwen，w 代表 ou，l 代表 li，n 代表 nou，y 代表 yo，k 代表 ki。除了 k 之外，所有这些都在 第一课 中介绍过。

示例

一般过去时 或 过去完成时

mwen te manje - "I ate" or "I had eaten"

ou te manje - "you ate" or "you had eaten"

li te manje - "he/she ate" or "he/she had eaten"

nou te manje - "we ate" or "we had eaten"

yo te manje - "they ate" or "they had eaten"

过去 进行时

mwen t ap manje - "I was eating"

ou t ap manje - "you were eating"

li t ap manje - "he/she was eating"

nou t ap manje - "we were eating"

yo t ap manje - "they were eating"

现在进行时:

m ap manje - "I am eating"

w ap manje - "you are eating"

l ap manje - "he/she is eating"

n ap manje - "we are eating"

y ap manje - "they are eating"

注意：对于现在进行时（“我正在吃”），习惯上（但并非必需）添加“现在”。

M ap manje kounye a - "I am eating right now"

此外，根据句子的语境，这些例子可以表示“将要吃”。

M'ap manje apres mwen priye - "i will eat after i pray" / Mwen p'ap di sa - "I will not say that"

近未来或确定 未来

mwen pral manje - "I am going to eat"

ou pral manje - "you are going to eat"

li pral manje - "he/she is going to eat"

nou pral manje - "we are going to eat"

yo pral manje - "they are going to eat"

未来:

N a wè pita - "See you later" (lit. "We will see (each other) later)

其他例子

Mwen te wè zanmi ou yè - "I saw your friend yesterday"

Nou te pale lontan - "We spoke for a long time"

Lè li te gen uit an... - "When he was eight years old..."

M a travay - "I will work"

M pral travay - "I'm going to work"

N a li l demen - "We'll read it tomorrow"

Nou pral li l demen - "We are going to read it tomorrow"

Mwen t ap mache e m te wè yon chyen - "I was walking and I saw a dog"

其他时间相关标记

fèk - 最近过去时（“刚刚”）

sòt - 与 fèk 类似

它们通常一起使用

Mwen fèk sòt antre kay la - "I just entered the house"

动词 语气 标记是 ta，对应英语中的“would”，相当于法语中的虚拟式。

Yo ta renmen jwe - "They would like to play"

Mwen ta vini si mwen te gen yon machin - "I would come if I had a car"

Li ta bliye w si ou pa t la - "He/she would forget you if you weren't here"

进一步阅读

• Lefebvre, Claire. 海地克里奥尔语的时态、语气和体系统以及克里奥尔语起源中语法传播问题 魁北克大学蒙特利尔分校

  它解释了海地克里奥尔语是由 词汇重构 底层语言 形成的理论；换句话说，最早的使用者采用了法语词汇，但保留了母语的语法。它解释了海地克里奥尔语时态标记的含义，以表明它们与 丰语 的相似之处。