Linux 网络/本文档中使用的术语表
以下是本文档中使用的一些最重要的术语列表。
ARP
This is an acronym for the Address Resolution Protocol and this
is how a network machine associates an IP Address with a
hardware address.
ATM
This is an acronym for Asynchronous Transfer Mode. An ATM
network packages data into standard size blocks which it can
convey efficiently from point to point. ATM is a circuit
switched packet network technology.
client
This is usually the piece of software at the end of a system
where the user is. There are exceptions to this, for example, in
the X11 window system it is actually the server with the user
and the client runs on the remote machine. The client is the
program or end of a system that is receiving the service
provided by the server. In the case of peer to peer systems such
as slip or ppp the client is taken to be the end that initiates
the connection and the remote end, being called, is taken to be
the server.
datagram
A datagram is a discrete package of data and headers which
contain addresses, which is the basic unit of transmission
across an IP network. You might also hear this called a
`packet'.
DLCI
The DLCI is the Data Link Connection Identifier and is used to
identify a unique virtual point to point connection via a Frame
Relay network. The DLCI's are normally assigned by the Frame
Relay network provider.
Frame Relay
Frame Relay is a network technology ideally suited to carrying
traffic that is of bursty or sporadic nature. Network costs are
reduced by having many Frame Relay customer sharing the same
network capacity and relying on them wanting to make use of the
network at slightly different times.
Hardware address
This is a number that uniquely identifies a host in a physical
network at the media access layer. Examples of this are Ethernet
Addresses and AX.25 Addresses.
ISDN
This is an acronym for Integrated Services Digital Network. ISDN
provides a standardized means by which Telecommunications
companies may deliver either voice or data information to a
customers premises. Technically ISDN is a circuit switched data
network.
ISP
This is an acronym of Internet Service Provider. These are
organizations or companies that provide people with network
connectivity to the Internet.
IP address
This is a number that uniquely identifies a TCP/IP host on the
network. The address is 4 bytes long and is usually represented
in what is called the "dotted decimal notation", where each byte
is represented in decimal from with dots `.' between them.
MSS
The Maximum Segment Size (MSS) is the largest quantity of data
that can be transmitted at one time. If you want to prevent
local fragmentation MSS would equal MTU-IP header.
MTU
The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) is a parameter that
determines the largest datagram than can be transmitted by an IP
interface without it needing to be broken down into smaller
units. The MTU should be larger than the largest datagram you
wish to transmit unfragmented. Note, this only prevents
fragmentation locally, some other link in the path may have a
smaller MTU and the datagram will be fragmented there. Typical
values are 1500 bytes for an ethernet interface, or 576 bytes
for a SLIP interface.
route
The route is the path that your datagrams take through the
network to reach their destination.
server
This is usually the piece of software or end of a system remote
from the user. The server provides some service to one or many
clients. Examples of servers include ftp, Networked File
System, or Domain Name Server. In the case of peer to peer
systems such as slip or ppp the server is taken to be the end of
the link that is called and the end calling is taken to be the
client.
window
The window is the largest amount of data that the receiving end
can accept at a given point in time.