宏观经济学/政府财政

政府财政的概念

  In general, Government Finances is that part of economics which is concerned with the income and expenditure of government authorities and its effects on the economy. The meaning and scope of this science may be also understood from the two words 'public' and 'Finances'. By public we mean of the people or the government and finance means the authorities of getting revenue and expenditure or the financial activities. So Government Finance is often called as Public Finances.

不同经济学家的定义

• 根据亚当·斯密，“**公共财政是对国家收入和支出的性质和原则的调查**”。

• 根据休·道尔顿教授，“**公共财政是这些学科之一，它介于经济学和政治之间。它关注的是公共当局的收入和支出，以及两者之间的调整**”。

1. 政府支出

  The expenditure made by government for public welfare is called Government Expenditure. It is essential to maintain law and order of a country, to construct physical infrastructure and other social services. Government manages its expense by taxation and borrowing.