第 4 课：你要去哪里？

在本课中，您将学习如何在进行时态中活用动词以及如何提出是非问句。您还将学习形容词的比较以及一些新的代词。

对话

对话 4：你要去哪里？
MIRAD	ENGLISH
1. Duhom et peye?	Where are you going?
2. At peye tam.	I'm going home.
3. Duven et peyo bey pur?	Will you be going by car? (Lit. Say whether you will be going...)
4. Vo. At tyoyapo. Ata tam voy se yib bi him.	No. I'll walk. My house is not far from here.
5. At pepeya humep. Apu ha pur bay at.	I was going that way. Get in the car with me.
6. Hway! Hus su ga iga.	Thanks! That would be faster.
7. Hwey. Duven et ifie enzyukparen?	Don't mention it. Do you enjoy bicycling?
8. Gla. At enzyukpareya hijwamaj.	Very much so. I was cycling this morning.
9. Hiy eta tam. Duven hus se eta enzyukpar be ha zadeym?	Here's your house. Is that your bicycle in the front yard?
10. Vo. Atas se be ha zodeym. Huas bewe ata dat.	No. Mine is in the backyard. That one belongs to my friend.
11. Hua enzyuk se go via vyel etas	That bike is less good-looking than yours.
12. Ve. Hway av ha pepuen, datif.	Maybe. Thanks for the lift, buddy.

语法笔记

进行时态动词

在上面的对话中，您会注意到有一些动词使用了与上一课中学习的简单时态不同的时态，即进行时态。进行时态是指持续一段时间的状态和动作。当我们说“我正在回家”，指的是正在进行的动作，而不是习惯。对于英语母语人士来说，这很容易，因为英语时态有相同的简单时态与进行时态的对比。

进行时态由在动词词干和词缀之间插入ey构成。以下是显示新时态集的图表（仅主动语态）

进行时态
体	语态	语气	时态	示例
进行体	主动	陈述语气	现在时	at peye....I am going
进行体	主动	陈述语气	过去时	at peya....I was going
进行体	主动	陈述语气	将来时	at peyo....I will be going
进行体	主动	虚拟语气	非时态	at peyu....I would be going

例子

At peye tam.....I am going home.
Et seye fua.....You are being bad.
Duven et tambeseyo Ferom ojo huj?....Will you be living in France by then?
At tyoyapeyu, oy se gra yiba.....I would be walking, but it's too far.

请注意以下两个句子中简单时态和进行时态之间的区别

Ha tixut tyoyape tistam hyajub.....The student walks to school every day. (简单时态)
Ha tixut tyoyapeye tistam hijub.....The student is walking to school today. (进行时态)

形容词和副词的比较

首先，有一组基于基本词ga（意为更多）的“量词”。它们在下面的图表中显示。其中一些用于比较形容词和副词。

对话 1 量词
类型	肯定	中间	否定
比较级	ga....more	ge....equally, as	go....less
绝对级	gla....very	gle....rather, quite	glo....not very
过分级	gra....too	gre....enough	gro....insufficiently
最高级	gwa....most	gwe....just the right degree	gwo....least

这些词可以用来修饰形容词和副词的程度，以及其他用途。在比较结构中，英语中的than或as被翻译成Mirad中的介词vyel

ga via vyel x....more beautiful than x
ga igay vyel x....more quickly than x
ge fia vyel x....as good as x
ge fiay vyel x....as well as x
go fia vyel....less good than x
go fiay vyel....not a well as x
gra iga....too fast
gre fia....good enough
ha gwa fia tuxut bi ha tistam....the best teacher in the school ( = of the school)
It dala gwe.....He spoke just enough.

创建是非问句

是非问句通常以duven开头，意思是说是否...。这不会涉及颠倒主语和谓语。

Duven et se yata tuxut?....Are you our teacher?
Duven et tyoyape tistam?....Do you walk to school?
Duven yit yexeya bay et?....Were they working with you?

有时，可以省略Duven...?，而用升调或问号来表示疑问。

Et upeye bay at?....(Are) you coming with me?

对任何问题的回答都可以是va（是）、ve（也许）或vo（否）。

注意：voy的意思是不，用于否定谓语

Yata voy se eta dati.....We are not your friends.
Voy at.....Not I.

类似地，vay的意思是确实，当然，用于修饰谓语动词

Yet se vay ata dati.....You are really my friends.

Vey介于两者之间，意思是可能，或许，用作谓语修饰词

At vey upo.....I may come.
Hia tuxut se vey ga fia vyel hua tuxut.....This teacher is possibly better than that teacher.

代词化形容词

所有格形容词（如我的、他的、等等）和指示形容词（如这、那、等等）可以像下面的图表中所示那样代词化

对话 1 代词化的所有格和指示形容词
形容词	单数代词	复数代词
ata....my	atas....mine	atasi....mine
eta....your	etas....yours	etasi....yours
ita....his/her	itas....his/hers	itasi....his/hers
yata....our	yatas....ours	yatasi....ours
yeta....your	yetas....yours	yetasi....yours
yita....their	yitas....theirs	yitasi....theirs
duha....which	duhas....which one	duhasi....which ones
hia....this	hias....this one	hiasi....these (ones)
hua....my	huas....that one	huasi....those (ones)

例子

Hias se etas. (pronounced etás). Huas se atas.....This one is yours. That one is mine.
Huasi se etasi. Huasi se atasi.....Those are yours. Those are mine.
Duven hua tam se etas?....Is that house yours?
Yatasi se ga aga vyel yetasi.....Ours are bigger than yours.

上面图表中的所有代词都指的是被拥有或指定的物体。将s改为t，使它们指的是被拥有或指定的个人

Hiati sa fia vyel huati.....这些（人）比那些（人）更好。
Yatati.....我们自己的人 ( = 新芬党, 在爱尔兰语中)

词汇

名词

par....车辆，通常是小型的非机动车，如手推车或马车

enzyukpar....自行车 ( < en-....双 + zyuk....轮 + par....小型车辆)
enzyukpar....自行车
inzyukpar....三轮车 (in-....三)
unzyukpar....四轮车 (un-....四)

pir....电动车

enzyukpir....滑板车

pur....汽车，机动车

enzyukpur....摩托车

tistam....学校 ( < tis....学习 + tam....房子 )
datif....伙伴 ( dat....朋友 + -if....亲切)
zadeym....前院 ( < za....前面 + deym....花园 )
zodeym....后院 ( < zo....后面 )
jwamaj....早上 ( < jwa....早 + maj....白天 vs. moj....夜晚)

动词

per....去 (到)

aper....上，登上，骑 ( < a(b)....在...上 + per....去)

aper pur....上车

tyoyaper....走 (到) ( < tyoya(b)....脚 + per )
enzyukper....骑自行车 (到) ( < enzyuk + per)
peper....骑 (陆地)

pepuer....载送，搭载 (以 -uer 结尾的动词或使役动词)
pepuen....搭乘，载送 (动名词以 -en 结尾)

ifier....喜欢，享受，感到高兴 ( < if....快乐 + (b)ier....拿，得到)
ayser....有 ( < (b)ay....和...一起 + ser....是)
ayswer....属于 (某人) (ayser 的被动语态)

限定词/副词

humep....那个方向 ( mep....路 )
hyajub....每天 (hya-....每 + jub....天
hijub....今天 (hi-....这 + jub....天
hijwamaj....今天早上 (hi-....这 + jwa....早 + maj....白天)

介词

bay....和...一起，在...的陪伴下
bey....通过，借助
boy....没有

代词

atas....我的, etas....你的, 等等。
duhoas?....哪一个？, hias....这个, 等等。

测验

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