修辞与写作/不明确的指示代词指代

示例

The amount of information that needs to be entered into the database 
is enormous, and it needs to be entered in a different way for each patient. 
This will make the design process complex."

问题所在？

此示例使用指示代词（如 this、these 或 those），但有两个或更多可能的先行词。代词指的是哪一个？

请考虑以下示例

The new equipment arrived yesterday, and everything is in 
working order. This was something of a surprise.

哪个令人惊讶？是设备到达了，还是它处于工作状态，或者两者兼而有之？

如何解决这个问题

提供一个澄清的名词

The new equipment arrived yesterday, and everything is in working order. 
This happy outcome was something of a surprise.