Ruby 示例
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本书分为多个部分。每个部分都处理一个 Ruby 语言主题，提供从基础到高级的示例。可以在此处找到 Ruby 方法的完整列表。
示例-001：字符串长度
puts 'That is an object'.size # => prints 17
示例-002：反转
puts 'This is not a palindrome'.reverse # => prints 'emordnilap a ton si sihT'
示例-003：单一替换
puts 'a banana'.sub('a', '*') # => prints '* banana'
示例-004：全局替换
puts 'a banana'.gsub('a', '*') # => prints '* b*n*n*'
示例-001：使用 times 方法反复运行代码
5.times do
puts 'Loop' # => prints 'LoopLoopLoopLoopLoop'
end
示例-002：计算绝对值
puts -10.abs # => prints 10
示例-001
arr = [['0','0','0'],['0','$','0'],['0','0','0']]
puts arr[1][1]
示例-002
a = [1, 2, 3, 4].shuffle
a.each {|e| puts e}
示例-003
a = %w|this is a string array|
puts a.join(' ')
示例-004
a = (0..10).to_a
a.map! {|x| x**2}
a.each {|e| puts e} # 0, 1, 4, 9, 16...
示例-005
items = ['random', 3, Math::PI, 'items']
puts items.index(3) # 1
puts items.include?(Math::E) # false
books = {'978-0140449266' => 'The Count of Monte Cristo',
'978-0140439243' => 'The Man in the Iron Mask'
}
puts books['978-0140439243']
# The output is 'The Man In The Iron Mask'
more_books = {}
more_books['978-1593081485'] = 'The Three Musketeers'
示例-001
MR_COUNT = 0 # constant defined on main Object class
module Foo
MR_COUNT = 0
::MR_COUNT = 1 # set global count to 1
MR_COUNT = 2 # set local count to 2
end
puts MR_COUNT # this is the global constant
puts Foo::MR_COUNT # this is the local "Foo" constant
示例-002
CONST = ' out there'
class Inside_one
CONST = proc {' in there'}
def where_is_my_CONST
::CONST + ' inside one'
end
end
class Inside_two
CONST = ' inside two'
def where_is_my_CONST
CONST
end
end
puts Inside_one.new.where_is_my_CONST # out there inside one
puts Inside_two.new.where_is_my_CONST # inside two
puts Object::CONST + Inside_two::CONST # out there inside two
puts Inside_two::CONST + CONST # inside two out there
puts Inside_one::CONST # #<Proc:0xedfa98(irb):3> , reference to the procedure
puts Inside_one::CONST.call + Inside_two::CONST # in there inside two
示例-001
a = [1, 2, 3, 4] # array creation
puts a[0] # array indexing
puts a[-1] # same as a[a.length-1]
示例-002
s = 'a meaningless string'
puts s[10] # prints 'e'
示例-003
p = proc {|arg| puts 'You called me with ' + arg.to_s}
p['a string arg'] # same as proc.call
示例-001
# daytimeserver.rb
puts'========================================='
require 'socket'
puts'== daytime server =='
# Open a socket to a local daytime server, read, and print.
print TCPSocket.open('129.6.15.28', 'daytime').read
puts'========================================='
示例-002
# socketmethods.rb
require 'socket'
mySocket = TCPSocket.new( 'www.wikibook.com', 80 )
puts'==================================='
# Returns information on this connection's peer socket as a struct
# sockaddr packed into a string.
strinfo = mySocket.getpeername
puts 'strinfo: '+strinfo
# Returns true if query returns numeric address not host name.
puts BasicSocket::do_not_reverse_lookup
puts'==================================='
# Returns information on s as a struct sockaddr packed into a string.
strinfo = mySocket.getsockname
puts 'strinfo: '+strinfo
puts'==================================='
# Gets the specified socket option.
optval = mySocket.getsockopt(Socket::SOL_SOCKET,Socket::SO_REUSEADDR)
puts 'optval: '+optval.inspect
optval = optval.unpack "i"
puts 'optval: '+optval.inspect
optval = mySocket.getsockopt(Socket::SOL_SOCKET, Socket::SO_LINGER)
puts 'optval: '+optval.inspect
optval = optval.unpack "ii"
puts 'optval: '+optval.inspect
# Sets reverse_lookup status
BasicSocket::do_not_reverse_lookup=true
# Sets the specified socket option.
mySocket.setsockopt(Socket::SOL_SOCKET,Socket::SO_REUSEADDR, true)
optval = mySocket.getsockopt(Socket::SOL_SOCKET,Socket::SO_REUSEADDR)
puts 'optval: '+optval.inspect
optval = optval.unpack "i"
puts 'optval: '+optval.inspect
puts'==================================='
#
mySocket.shutdown(2) # 0 shuts down receiving, 1 sending, and 2 both.
puts 'mySocket: '+mySocket.inspect
puts'==================================='
# Returns true if query returns numeric address not host name.
puts BasicSocket::do_not_reverse_lookup
puts'==================================='