SPARQL/Views

SPARQL
Views

This page helps you to understand the various possibilities to display results on Wikidata Query. The query example page contains many good examples you can try!

After running a query, you can choose with the "Display" button which result view you want to display. Depending on your query and the data type, some of the views will be available.

#Countries in European Union with Flags and Population
# to be displayed as
# 1) Table
# 2) Image Grid
# 3) Map
# 4) Bar Chart
# 5) Bubble Chart
SELECT ?country ?countryLabel (MAX(?population) AS ?Population) (SAMPLE(?flag_image) AS ?Flag) (MAX(?coordinate) AS ?coor) 
WHERE {
  wd:Q458 wdt:P150 ?country.   # European Union  contains administrative territorial entity
  OPTIONAL { ?country wdt:P41 ?flag_image. }
  OPTIONAL { ?country wdt:P36 ?capital. }
  OPTIONAL { ?country wdt:P1082 ?population. }
  OPTIONAL { ?capital wdt:P625  ?coordinate. }
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". 
                           ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel             
                         }
}
GROUP BY ?country ?countryLabel
ORDER BY DESC(?Population)

Try it!

Default View

The default view can be changed for each SPARQL query by using a comment

#defaultView:[NAME]

For example:

#defaultView:ImageGrid

Table (default)

Shows the result data as table. It is the default view for results and can display every data type.

This will map every variable from the SPARQL select clause to a formatted table column.

Table Result
Table Result on small screens with flipped columns

Image Grid

The #defaultView:ImageGrid shows the result data as a grid with images.

Every grid item has a big picture and opens the gallery when clicking on it.

Contents an item is the formatted row data.

Variable	Data Type	Mapping	Description
*	Commons Media	Grid Item	Image columns will create a grid item.

Rows containing no image will be ignored.

Options:

Option name	Type	Description
`hide`	One or more variable names (strings, starting with `?`), single value or array	Don’t show these variables in the result.

#Even more cats, with pictures
#added before 2016-10
#defaultView:ImageGrid
SELECT ?itemDescription ?itemLabel ?item ?pic
WHERE
{
	?item wdt:P31 wd:Q146 . 
	OPTIONAL {
		?item wdt:P18 ?pic
	} 
	SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en" }
}

Try it!

Map

The #defaultView:Map shows the result data as map with OpenStreetMap data.

Variable	Data Type	Mapping	Description
*	Coordinate	Map Marker	Columns will create a marker on the map. Content of that marker is the formatted row data.
?layer		Map Marker Layer	Creates a colored map layer that allows filtering.
?rgb	Color	Color Map Marker	Example 000000 for black color.

Options:

specified using #defaultView:Map{"hide":["?foo", "?bar"],"layer":"?bar"} using the array if there are multiple variables.

Option name	Type	Description
`hide`	One or more variable names (strings, starting with `?`), single value or array	Don’t show these variables in the result.
`layer`	One or more variable names (strings, starting with `?`), single value or array	Use these variables for the map layer, instead of the default `?layerLabel`, `?layer`.
`markercluster`	boolean or object	If the value is an object, pass these options to Leaflet.markercluster, a map plugin for clustering nearby map markers. (If the value is the empty object `{}`, Leaflet.markercluster is enabled with its default options.) For example `#defaultView:Map{"markercluster": {"maxClusterRadius": 1}}` If the value is `true` (default for queries without map layers), Leaflet.markercluster is enabled with a special set of options that doesn’t cluster any nearby map markers (it only “spiderfies” markers with exactly identical coordinates) and attempts to replicate the default map look as much as possible. The code is `#defaultView:Map{"markercluster": "true"}` If the value is `false` (default for queries with map layers), Leaflet.markercluster is not enabled.

#Big cities, grouped into map layers by population
#defaultView:Map
SELECT DISTINCT ?city ?cityLabel (SAMPLE(?location) AS ?location) (MAX(?population) AS ?population) (SAMPLE(?layer) AS ?layer)
WHERE
{
  ?city wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q515;
        wdt:P625 ?location;
        wdt:P1082 ?population.
  FILTER(?population >= 500000).
  BIND(
    IF(?population < 1000000, "<1M",
    IF(?population < 2000000, "1M-2M",
    IF(?population < 5000000, "2M-5M",
    IF(?population < 10000000, "5M-10M",
    IF(?population < 20000000, "10M-20M",
    ">20M")))))
    AS ?layer).
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". }
}
GROUP BY ?city ?cityLabel
ORDER BY ?population

Try it!

#Airports in Belgium
#added before 2016-10
#List of airports in Belgium
#defaultView:Map
SELECT DISTINCT ?airport ?airportLabel ?coor ?range
WHERE
{
  ?airport wdt:P31 wd:Q1248784 ;
          ?range wd:Q31;
          wdt:P625 ?coor.
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". }
}

Try it!

Technically, any well-known text literal can be displayed, not just a point coordinate.

Some Geoshapes are available via property geoshape (P3896). See this example for the countries.

#Geoshapes of counties
#defaultView:Map
SELECT DISTINCT ?country ?countryLabel ?geoshape (?countryLabel AS ?layer )
WHERE
{
  ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q3624078.
  ?country wdt:P3896 ?geoshape.
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". }
}

Try it!

Geometry values can also be constructed in SPARQL using functions like CONCAT() and STRDT() – see this map of Czech railway lines for an example of LINESTRING() geometry.

#defaultView:Map
SELECT ?line ?coord1 ?coord2 ?comm1 ?comm1Label ?comm2 ?comm2Label WHERE {
  ?comm1 p:P31/ps:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q55488 ; wdt:P17 wd:Q213 ; wdt:P625 ?coord1 ; wdt:P197 ?comm2 .
  MINUS { ?comm1 p:P31 [ ps:P31 wd:Q55488 ; pq:P582 [] ] } .
  MINUS { ?comm2 p:P31 [ ps:P31 wd:Q55488 ; pq:P582 [] ] } .
  MINUS { ?comm1 p:P31 [ ps:P31 wd:Q928830 ] } .
  MINUS { ?comm2 p:P31 [ ps:P31 wd:Q928830 ] } .
  ?comm2 wdt:P625 ?coord2 .
  ?comm1 p:P625 [ ps:P625 []; psv:P625 [ wikibase:geoLongitude ?coord1lon; wikibase:geoLatitude ?coord1lat; ] ] .
  ?comm2 p:P625 [ ps:P625 []; psv:P625 [ wikibase:geoLongitude ?coord2lon; wikibase:geoLatitude ?coord2lat; ] ] .
  BIND(CONCAT('LINESTRING (', STR(?coord1lon), ' ', STR(?coord1lat), ',', STR(?coord2lon), ' ', STR(?coord2lat), ')') AS ?str) .
  BIND(STRDT(?str, geo:wktLiteral) AS ?line) .
  service wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en" . }
}

Try it!

Line, Area, Bar and Scatter Chart

#defaultView:LineChart, #defaultView:AreaChart, #defaultView:BarChart and #defaultView:ScatterChart shows one of these chart types.

Variable	Data Type	Mapping	Description
*	Number Label DateTime	X-Axis Y-Axis	First will be X-axis, second Y-axis
*	Label	Category / Legend Item (optional)	Will only be used after the above are mapped
*	Label	Storyboard / Animation (optional)	Will only be used after the above are mapped

LineChart

#Number of paintings per decade
#defaultView:LineChart
SELECT ?decade (COUNT(?decade) AS ?Paintings) 
WHERE {
  ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q3305213 . # instance of painting
  ?item wdt:P571 ?inception .
  BIND( year(?inception) as ?year ). 
  BIND( ROUND(?year/10)*10 as ?decade ) .
  FILTER( ?year > 1400)
} GROUP BY ?decade
ORDER BY ?decade

Try it!

#Population of countries sharing a border with Germany
#defaultView:LineChart
SELECT ?country  ?year ?population ?countryLabel WHERE {
  {
    SELECT ?country ?year (AVG(?population) AS ?population) WHERE {
      {
        SELECT ?country (str(YEAR(?date)) AS ?year) ?population WHERE {
          ?country wdt:P47 wd:Q183.
          ?country p:P1082 ?populationStatement.
          ?populationStatement ps:P1082 ?population.
          ?populationStatement pq:P585 ?date.
        }
      }
    }
    GROUP BY ?country ?year
  }
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". }
}

Try it!

AreaChart

#Cancer deaths per year and cancer type
#defaultView:AreaChart
SELECT ?cid (str(SAMPLE(?year)) AS ?year )  (COUNT(*) AS ?count)  ?cause WHERE {
  ?pid wdt:P31 wd:Q5.
  ?pid wdt:P509 ?cid.
  ?cid wdt:P279* wd:Q12078.
  OPTIONAL {
    ?cid rdfs:label ?cause.
    FILTER((LANG(?cause)) = "en")
  }
  ?pid wdt:P570 ?_date_of_death. 
  BIND ( YEAR(?_date_of_death) AS ?year )
  FILTER( BOUND(?cause)  )
  FILTER( BOUND(?year)  )
  FILTER( ?year > 1960 )
}
GROUP BY ?cid ?cause ?year

Try it!

BarChart

#Battles per year per continent and country last 80 years (animated)
#defaultView:BarChart
SELECT (SAMPLE(?_continentLabel) AS ?contient) (COUNT(?_country) AS ?battles) (SAMPLE(?_countryLabel) AS ?_countryLabel) (SAMPLE(?year) AS ?year)  WHERE {
  ?subj wdt:P31 wd:Q178561.
  OPTIONAL { ?subj wdt:P580 ?d1. }
  OPTIONAL { ?subj wdt:P585 ?d2. }
  OPTIONAL { ?subj wdt:P582 ?d3. }
  BIND(IF(!BOUND(?d1), IF(!BOUND(?d2), ?d3, ?d2), ?d1) AS ?date)
  BIND(str(YEAR(?date)) AS ?year)
  ?subj wdt:P276 ?_loc.
  ?_loc wdt:P17 ?_country.
  ?_country wdt:P30 ?_continent.
  ?_country rdfs:label ?_countryLabel.
  ?_continent rdfs:label ?_continentLabel.
  BIND((NOW()) - ?date AS ?distance)
  FILTER(BOUND(?year))
  FILTER((LANG(?_countryLabel)) = "en")
  FILTER((LANG(?_continentLabel)) = "en")
  FILTER((0 <= ?distance) && (?distance < 31 * 12 * 80))
}
GROUP BY ?year ?_country
ORDER BY ?_countryLabel

Try it!

Bar Chart (Animated)Try Out

ScatterChart

# Scatter Chart river watershed area in km² plotted over length in km
PREFIX wikibaseβ: <http://wikiba.se/ontology-beta#>
#defaultView:ScatterChart
# river watershed area in km² plotted over length in km, using new normalized units support
# (rivers shorter than 500 km excluded to avoid crashing the browser when trying to render too many results)
SELECT ?river (SAMPLE(?length) AS ?length) (SAMPLE(?area) AS ?area) ?riverLabel WHERE {
  ?river wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q355304;
         p:P2043/psn:P2043/(wikibase:quantityAmount|wikibaseβ:quantityAmount) ?lengthInMetres;
         p:P2053/psn:P2053/(wikibase:quantityAmount|wikibaseβ:quantityAmount) ?areaInSquareMetres.
  BIND(?lengthInMetres / 1000 AS ?length).
  BIND(?areaInSquareMetres / 1000000 AS ?area).
  FILTER(?length > 500).
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". }
}
GROUP BY ?river ?riverLabel

Try it!

#Number of films by year and genre
#defaultView:ScatterChart
SELECT   ?year  (COUNT(?_genre) AS ?count ) (SAMPLE(?_genreLabel) AS ?label )  (?year as ?year_shown) WHERE {
  ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q11424.
  ?item wdt:P577 ?_publication_date.
  ?item wdt:P136 ?_genre.
  ?_genre rdfs:label ?_genreLabel.
  BIND(str(YEAR(?_publication_date)) AS ?year)
  FILTER((LANG(?_genreLabel)) = "en")
  FILTER (?_publication_date >= "2000-00-00T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime)
}
GROUP BY ?_genreLabel ?year
HAVING (?count > 30)

Try it!

Bubble Chart

The #defaultView:BubbleChart shows a bubble chart where the size and the color of the bubble can configured.

When an item is provided a bubble is linked to Wikidata.org.

Variable	Data Type	Mapping
*	Label	Bubble Label
*	Number	Bubble Size
*	Item	Bubble Link (optional)
?rgb	Color	Bubble Color (optional)

#Overall causes of death ranking
#added before 2016-10
#defaultView:BubbleChart
SELECT ?cid ?cause (count(*) as ?count)
WHERE
{
	?pid wdt:P31 wd:Q5 .
	?pid wdt:P509 ?cid .
	OPTIONAL {
		?cid rdfs:label ?cause 
		filter (lang(?cause) = "en")
	}
}
GROUP BY ?cid ?cause
ORDER BY DESC(?count) ASC(?cause)

Try it!

Tree Map

#defaultView:TreeMap shows a zoomable tree map.

Variable	Data Type	Mapping	Description
*	Label	Label	1st label in a row will be 1st level in tree map. 2nd label will be 2nd level. 3rd label will be 3rd level etc..
*	Item	Link (optional)

#Popular television series (in treeview)
#added before 2016-10
#defaultView:TreeMap
SELECT ?show ?showLabel  ?season ?seasonLabel ?episode ?episodeLabel
WHERE 
{
	{	BIND(wd:Q886 as ?show) .      # The Simpsons
		?season wdt:P361 ?show .
		?episode wdt:P361 ?season .
	} UNION 
	{	BIND(wd:Q16538 as ?show) .    # South Park
		?season wdt:P361 ?show .
  		?episode wdt:P361 ?season .
	} UNION
	{	BIND(wd:Q147235 as ?show) .   # How I Met Your Mother 
		?season wdt:P361 ?show .
  		?episode wdt:P361 ?season .
	} 
	SERVICE wikibase:label {  bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en" }
}

Try it!

Tree

#defaultView:Tree shows an expandable tree.

Variable	Data Type	Mapping	Description
*	Item	Node ID	First item will be a root node The following items in the same row will be nested.
*	Label	Node Label (optional)	Labels will be appended to current node.
*	Number	Node Label (optional)	Labels will be appended to current node.
*	Commons Media	Item image

#defaultView:Tree
SELECT ?continent ?continentFlag ?continentLabel ?country ?countryLabel ?countryFlag ?region ?regionLabel ?regionFlag ?city ?cityLabel ( 'Population:' as ?popLabel )  ?pop  ?cityImage 
WHERE
{
  {
    SELECT * WHERE {
      ?continent wdt:P31 wd:Q5107.
      ?country wdt:P30 ?continent.
      ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q6256.
      ?country wdt:P150 ?region.
      OPTIONAL {
        ?continent wdt:P242 ?continentFlag.
        ?country wdt:P41 ?countryFlag.
        ?region wdt:P41 ?regionFlag.
      }
      OPTIONAL {
        ?region wdt:P36 ?city.
        ?city wdt:P31 wd:Q515.
        ?city wdt:P1082 ?pop.
        ?city wdt:P18 ?cityImage.
      }
    }
  }
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". }
}

Try it!

Timeline

#defaultView:Timeline shows an explorable timeline.

Variable	Data Type	Mapping	Description
*	DateTime	Item Point in Time Item End Point in Time	First date in a row sets the item position in the timeline. If a second date is present a start and end date will be set.
*	Commons Media	Item image

Options:

Option name	Type	Description
`hide`	One or more variable names (strings, starting with `?`), single value or array	Don’t show these variables in the result.

#defaultView:Timeline
SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?launchdate (SAMPLE(?image) AS ?image)
WHERE
{
    ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q26529 .      # Space probe
    ?item wdt:P619 ?launchdate .
    OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P18 ?image }
    SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en" }
}
GROUP BY ?item ?itemLabel ?launchdate

Try it!

Dimensions

#defaultView:Dimensions shows dimension and their links.

It also allows filtering them by selecting an axis fraction.

Variable	Data Type	Mapping	Description
*	Label	Dimension	Every column in the result row is mapped to a dimension
*	Number
*	DateTime

#defaultView:Dimensions
SELECT ?elementLabel ?_boiling_point ?_melting_point ?_electronegativity ?_density ?_mass WHERE {
  ?element wdt:P31 wd:Q11344.
  ?element wdt:P2102 ?_boiling_point.
  ?element wdt:P2101 ?_melting_point.
  ?element wdt:P1108 ?_electronegativity.
  ?element wdt:P2054 ?_density.
  ?element wdt:P2067 ?_mass. 
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". }
}
LIMIT 100

Try it!

Graph

Shows an interactive graph that allow hierarchically ordering and exploring items.

Variable	Data Type	Mapping	Description
*	Item	Node ID	First item in a row will have an arrow pointing to the items in the same row
*	Label	Node Label (optional)
*	Commons Media	Node Image (optional)
?rgb	Color	Node Color (optional)
*	Number	Node Size (optional)

#US presidents and spouses
#defaultView:Graph
SELECT ?p ?pLabel ?ppicture ?w ?wLabel ?wpicture
WHERE 
{
   wd:Q30 p:P6/ps:P6 ?p .
   ?p wdt:P26 ?w .
   OPTIONAL{
    ?p wdt:P18 ?ppicture .
    ?w wdt:P18 ?wpicture .
   }
   SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". }
}

Try it!

Graph of US presidents and spouses Try Out

#Children of Genghis Khan
#added before 2016-10
#defaultView:Graph
PREFIX gas: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf/gas#>
SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?pic ?linkTo ?linkToLabel
WHERE
{
  SERVICE gas:service {
    gas:program gas:gasClass "com.bigdata.rdf.graph.analytics.SSSP" ;
                gas:in wd:Q720 ;
                gas:traversalDirection "Forward" ;
                gas:out ?item ;
                gas:out1 ?depth ;
                gas:maxIterations 4 ;
                gas:linkType wdt:P40 .
  }
  OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P40 ?linkTo }
  OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P18 ?pic }
  SERVICE wikibase:label {bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en,ru,ja,zh,az,ca" }
}

Try it!

Additional Information

RDF Data Type Mapping

RDF Type	RDF Data Type	Constraint	Data Type
URI		String starts with `http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q`	Entity
URI		String starts with `http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath`	Commons Media
Literal	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime		DateTime
Literal	http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#wktLiteral		Coordinate
Literal	http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#long http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#short http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#positiveInteger http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#unsignedLong http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#unsignedInt http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#unsignedShort http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonPositiveInteger http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#negativeInteger		Number
Literal		Has no RDF Data Type	Label
Literal		Has property `xml:lang`	Label
Literal		String matches `/^[0-9A-F]{6}$/`	Color

Formatting

There is special formatting for the following data types:

Data Type	Format
Entity	Link to Wikidata.org Label is shortened to wd:Qxx Explore an item (magnify icon)
DateTime	MM DD, YYYY Tooltip shows raw ISO timestamp
Commons Media	Link to Commons.Wikimedia.org Displaying Gallery ( image icon )

Mobile / Responsive

Result views are made to work on different devices and resolutions. Their appearance may change depending on the space they can use.

Embed Mode

Result views can be linked or embedded via iframes. You can get the regarding link or code by clicking Link in the above menu. See the difference: link to a query and link to a result

or the embed code:

<iframe style="width:80vw; height:50vh;" scrolling="yes" frameborder="0" src="http://tinyurl.com/zwf4k2w">

Download results

There are several ways to export the results of a query.

JSON, TSV and CSV are three different open-standard formats to download the data.

You can also download some of the graphic views as a SVG file: this feature works with all the views except table, image grid, timeline, graph builder, map, and graph.

Default View

The default view can be changed for each SPARQL query by using a comment:

#defaultView:[NAME]

For example:

#defaultView:ImageGrid

Result view options

Result views can be configured with various options, which are specified in JSON (Q2063) format, either following the defaultView comment or following a separate view comment.

#defaultView:Map{"layer": "?typeLabel"}
#view:ImageGrid{"hide": "?coords"}

External tools

See Wikidata:Tools/Visualize data for a list of external tools to visualize data.

References

Wikidata Query Help/Result Views

Wikimedia Commons Query Service

SPARQL
Views

FAQ