加拿大难民程序/72-75 - 司法审查

《移民和难民保护法》第 72-75 条

《移民和难民保护法》第 72-75 条规定

DIVISION 8
Judicial Review

Application for judicial review
72 (1) Judicial review by the Federal Court with respect to any matter — a decision, determination or order made, a measure taken or a question raised — under this Act is, subject to section 86.1, commenced by making an application for leave to the Court.

Application
(2) The following provisions govern an application under subsection (1):
(a) the application may not be made until any right of appeal that may be provided by this Act is exhausted;
(b) subject to paragraph 169(f), notice of the application shall be served on the other party and the application shall be filed in the Registry of the Federal Court (“the Court”) within 15 days, in the case of a matter arising in Canada, or within 60 days, in the case of a matter arising outside Canada, after the day on which the applicant is notified of or otherwise becomes aware of the matter;
(c) a judge of the Court may, for special reasons, allow an extended time for filing and serving the application or notice;
(d) a judge of the Court shall dispose of the application without delay and in a summary way and, unless a judge of the Court directs otherwise, without personal appearance; and
(e) no appeal lies from the decision of the Court with respect to the application or with respect to an interlocutory judgment.

Right of Minister
73 The Minister may make an application for leave to commence an application for judicial review with respect to any decision of the Refugee Appeal Division, whether or not the Minister took part in the proceedings before the Refugee Protection Division or Refugee Appeal Division.

Judicial review
74 Judicial review is subject to the following provisions:
(a) the judge who grants leave shall fix the day and place for the hearing of the application;
(b) the hearing shall be no sooner than 30 days and no later than 90 days after leave was granted, unless the parties agree to an earlier day;
(c) the judge shall dispose of the application without delay and in a summary way; and
(d) subject to section 87.01, an appeal to the Federal Court of Appeal may be made only if, in rendering judgment, the judge certifies that a serious question of general importance is involved and states the question.

第 72(1) 条：司法审查通过向法院提出申请许可来开始

第 72(1) 条规定，联邦法院的司法审查通过向法院提出申请许可来开始。从历史上看，大约 16.8% 的案件获得了许可，在获得许可的案件中，有 46.2% 的司法审查成功。

第 74(d) 条：只有在法官证明涉及到具有普遍重要性的严重问题时，才能向联邦上诉法院提起上诉

《移民和难民保护法》第 74(d) 条规定，在遵守第 87.01 条的条件下，只有在法官在判决时证明涉及到具有普遍重要性的严重问题并说明问题时，才能向联邦上诉法院提起上诉。要获得证明，问题必须是： (i) 对上诉具有决定性；(ii) 超越诉讼直接当事人的利益；(iii) 涉及具有广泛意义或普遍重要性的问题。 作为推论，该问题也必须在下级法院提起并得到处理，并且该问题必须来自案件本身，而不是来自法官的理由。 此外，该问题不应在其他上诉中已经确定和解决。

联邦上诉法院已经接受了没有证明问题的上诉，上诉的问题涉及联邦法院法官的管辖权或对偏见指控。正如在 *加拿大诉阿齐兹* 中所说

部长认为在本案中不需要证明问题。他依赖于一些移民案件，在这类案件中，本法院允许上诉继续进行，尽管没有证明问题。例如，在 *福德诉加拿大* 中，法院接受了对联邦法院命令的的上诉，该命令在另一移民案件审理结果出来之前暂停驱逐出境。法院认为不需要证明问题，因为问题是暂停令是否属于联邦法院根据《联邦法院法》第 50(1)(b) 段的管辖范围，R.S.C. 1985，c. F-7。在 *Subhaschanddran 诉加拿大* 中，法院接受了对联邦法院命令的的上诉，该命令被解释为拒绝法官批准或驳回一项关于暂停驱逐出境的动议。本法院还认为，对于基于偏见指控而提出的回避动议，不需要证明问题，因为此类指控涉及法官审理案件的管辖权：参见，*Narvey 诉 MCI 和 Re Zündel*。 [内部引用省略]

这是基于《联邦法院法》第 27(1)(*c*) 段授权在有限情况下对联邦法院的中间判决提出上诉。

第 75 条：规则

Rules
75 (1) Subject to the approval of the Governor in Council, the rules committee established under section 45.1 of the Federal Courts Act may make rules governing the practice and procedure in relation to applications for leave to commence an application for judicial review, for judicial review and for appeals. The rules are binding despite any rule or practice that would otherwise apply.

Inconsistencies
(2) In the event of an inconsistency between this Division and any provision of the Federal Courts Act, this Division prevails to the extent of the inconsistency.