断言 −div 是 d 的伴随算子

以上陈述的证明


如果 f 具有 紧支撑,则最后一个积分消失,我们就得到了想要的结果。
可以证明,拉普拉斯-德拉姆算子等价于拉普拉斯-贝尔特拉米算子的定义,当它作用于一个标量函数 f 时。这个证明如下:




其中 ω 是 体积形式,ε 是完全反对称的 Levi-Civita 符号。请注意,在上面的公式中,斜体的小写索引 i 是单个索引,而大写罗马字母 J 代表所有剩余的 (n-1) 个索引。需要注意的是,拉普拉斯-德拉姆算子实际上是负的拉普拉斯-贝尔特拉米算子;这个负号来自于对 余微分性质的常规定义。不幸的是,Δ 用于表示两者;读者要注意。
给定标量函数 f 和 h,以及实数 a,拉普拉斯算子具有以下性质









其中,f 和 h 是标量函数。