Wings 3D/用户手册/索引
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� WINGS3D 用户手册内容概览 - 完备快捷键列表
版权信息：4 目录 5 图表列表 6 简介 8 第 1 部分：安装 9
1.1 Windows ..............................................................................................................9 小贴士：插件不适用于所有版本的 Wings3D ..........................................9 1.3 Solaris®................................................................................................................9 1.4 Mac.....................................................................................................................9 1.2 Linux®................................................................................................................10 第 2 部分：Wings3D 用户界面 11 2.1 总体概述..................................................................................................12 2.2 标题栏........................................................................................................13 2.3 菜单栏 .....................................................................................................13 2.4 图标栏........................................................................................................13 2.5 状态栏 ....................................................................................................14 2.6 对话框........................................................................................................14 2.7 上下文相关菜单........................................................................................14 2.7 上下文相关菜单........................................................................................15 2.8 信息字符串...........................................................................................15 2.8 信息字符串...........................................................................................16 2.9 Wings 单位 ........................................................................................................16 小贴士：使用 Wings 单位 ...................................................................16 第 3 部分：快速入门指南 17
3.1 指尖练习，助你入门..........................................................................17 小贴士：法线本质 ...........................................................................19 3.2 第一个真实模型；狗窝........................................................................20 3.3 创建一只手（内在的有机形状） .......................................................27 3.4 添加细节.......................................................................................................31 3.5 收尾工作......................................................................................................35 小贴士：在平滑着色视图上叠加线框...................................................36 第 4 部分：细分建模的本质 40 第 4 部分：细分建模的本质 41
4.1 细分等.............................................................................................41 4.2 边缘环的本质 .....................................................................................43 4.3 有翼边拓扑..........................................................................................44 4.3 有翼边拓扑..........................................................................................45 第 5 部分：Wings3D 命令参考指南 46 5.1 主菜单....................................................................................................46 5.1.1 文件菜单...................................................................................................46 文件菜单 - 常规 46 文件 | 新建 (Ctrl-N).................................................................................................46 文件 | 打开 (Ctrl-O).................................................................................................46 文件 | 合并 (Ctrl-L).............................................................................................47 文件 | 保存 (Ctrl-S) .................................................................................................47 文件 | 另存为 (Ctrl-Shift-S)....................................................................................47 文件 | 保存选择...........................................................................................47 文件 | 还原......................................................................................................47 文件 | 导入.........................................................................................................47 文件 | 导出......................................................................................................48
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� WINGS3D 用户手册参考 小贴士：使用 YafRay 渲染......................................................................... 48 文件 | 导出选择 .......................................................................................48 文件 | 渲染......................................................................................................48 文件 | 历史记录 .....................................................................................................48 文件 | 退出 (Ctrl-Q).................................................................................................48
5.1.2 编辑菜单...................................................................................................49 编辑菜单 - 常规 49 编辑 | 撤消/重做 (Ctrl-Z) ....................................................................................49 编辑 | 重做 (Ctrl-Shift-Z) ........................................................................................49 编辑 | 撤消 (Alt-Ctrl-Z)..........................................................................................49 编辑 | 重复 (D) .................................................................................................49 编辑 | 重复拖动 (Shift-D) .................................................................................49 编辑 | 材质 ..................................................................................................50 编辑 | 相机模式............................................................................................50 Mirai® 模式： 51 Nendo® 模式： 51 Maya® 模式： 51 3ds Max® 模式： 51 Blender 模式： 51 编辑 | 首选项 ..............................................................................................51 编辑 | 兼容性 ...........................................................................................53 编辑 | 清除撤消历史记录.................................................................................54 小贴士：重复和功能键............................................................................... 54 5.1.3 视图菜单 .................................................................................................55 视图菜单 - 常规 55 视图 | 地平面.........................................................................................55 视图 | 轴线 ........................................................................................................55 视图 | 工作模式 (Tab) ......................................................................................55 视图 | 平滑预览 (Shift-Tab).......................................................................55 视图 | 线框..............................................................................................55 视图 | 着色......................................................................................................55 视图 | 切换线框/着色 (W) ............................................................................55 视图 | 显示已保存的边界框.......................................................................56 视图 | 显示边线 ............................................................................................56 视图 | 显示法线.......................................................................................56 视图 | 显示线框背面 ..................................................................56 视图 | 重置视图 (R)..........................................................................................56 视图 | 目标 (A) .....................................................................................................56 视图 | 框架 (Shift+A) .........................................................................................56 视图 | 正交视图 (O) ............................................................................56 视图 | 场景灯光 ...........................................................................................56 视图 | 一/二盏灯......................................................................................56 视图 | 显示颜色 ..........................................................................................56 视图 | 显示材质 .....................................................................................57 视图 | 显示纹理.......................................................................................57 视图 | 沿（X, Y, Z, Shift-X, Shift-Y, Shift-Z）查看 .................................................57 视图 | 对齐到选择 ..................................................................................57 视图 | 自动旋转 (U).......................................................................................57
小贴士：在线框模式下查看正交视图................................................... 57
5.1.4 选择菜单 ...............................................................................................59 选择菜单 - 常规 59 选择 | 取消选择 (Space)....................................................................................59 选择 | 更多 (+)................................................................................................59 选择 | 较少 (-) ..................................................................................................59
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� WINGS3D 用户手册 - 完备快捷键列表 选择 | 区域 (Shift-L).......................................................................................59 选择 | 边缘环 (L)........................................................................................59 选择 | 边缘环 (G)........................................................................................59 选择 | 上一个边缘环 (F3) .......................................................................60 选择 | 下一个边缘环 (F4)..............................................................................60 选择 | 相似 (I) .............................................................................................60 选择 | 相邻.............................................................................................60 选择 | 通过 ........................................................................................................61 选择 | 灯光 ..................................................................................................61 选择 | 全部 [顶点、边线、面、物体] (Ctrl+A)..............................................61 选择 | 反转 (Ctrl-Shift-I).................................................................................61 选择 | 存储选择...................................................................................61 选择 | 恢复选择 .................................................................................61 选择 | 交换选择.............................................................................62 选择 | 与存储的合并..............................................................................62 选择 | 与存储的减去 ........................................................................62 选择 | 与存储的交集 ...................................................................62 5.1.5 工具菜单................................................................................................63 工具菜单 - 常规 63 工具 | 对齐.....................................................................................................63 工具 | 居中 ..................................................................................................63 工具 | 保存边界框...............................................................................63 工具 | 缩放至已保存的边界框.................................................................................63 工具 | 按比例缩放至已保存的边界框........................................................64 工具 | 移动至已保存的边界框 .................................................................................64 工具 | 设置默认轴线 ...................................................................................64 工具 | 虚拟镜像.....................................................................................64 工具 | 微调...................................................................................................64
小贴士：其他工具...................................................................................65 小贴士：边界框 ..................................................................................65
5.1.6 物体菜单 .............................................................................................66 物体菜单 - 常规 66 物体 | 显示并解锁所有.......................................................................66 物体 | 隐藏选择 ....................................................................................66 物体 | 隐藏未选择................................................................................66 物体 | 锁定未选择...............................................................................66 物体 | {物体列表}（对于上面显示的示例，object1 将为 cube1。） .........66
5.1.7 帮助菜单 .................................................................................................68 帮助菜单 - 常规 68 帮助 | 入门 .....................................................................................68 帮助 | 使用单按钮或双按钮鼠标 .............................................68 帮助 | 法语和德语键盘 ............................................................68 帮助 | 光线基础............................................................................................68 帮助 | 分配热键..................................................................................68 帮助 | 高级菜单....................................................................................68 帮助 | OpenGL 信息 ............................................................................................68 帮助 | 关于 .....................................................................................................68
5.2 上下文相关菜单..................................................................................69 5.2.1 基本体菜单..........................................................................................69 基本体菜单 - 常规 69 5.2.2 顶点操作菜单...............................................................................72 顶点操作菜单 - 常规 72 顶点菜单 | 移动..........................................................................................72 顶点菜单 | 缩放.........................................................................................72
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� WINGS3D 用户手册参考 顶点菜单 | 拉伸 .....................................................................................73 顶点菜单 | 平坦化 ......................................................................................73 顶点菜单 | 连接 (C) ................................................................................73 顶点菜单 | 收紧 .....................................................................................73 顶点菜单 | 倒角..........................................................................................73 顶点菜单 | 折叠 (Bksp)...........................................................................73 顶点菜单 | 解散.....................................................................................73 顶点菜单 | 变形 ......................................................................................74 例如： ............................................................................................... 74 小贴士：尝试使用变形器 .................................................................. 76
5.2.3 边缘操作菜单..................................................................................76 5.2.3 边缘操作菜单..................................................................................77 5.2.3 边缘操作菜单..................................................................................78 边缘操作菜单 - 常规 78 边缘菜单 | 移动 .............................................................................................78 边缘菜单 | 旋转...........................................................................................78 边缘菜单 | 缩放.............................................................................................78 边缘菜单 | 拉伸.........................................................................................78 边缘菜单 | 切割................................................................................................79 边缘菜单 | 连接 C .....................................................................................79 边缘菜单 | 倒角.............................................................................................79 边缘菜单 | 溶解 (Bksp)...............................................................................79 快速提示：从方形孔创建圆形眼睛。......................................................... 79 边缘菜单 | 折叠 .......................................................................................79 边缘菜单 | 硬度......................................................................................79 快速提示：用倒角替换硬边。...................................................... 80 边缘菜单 | 环路切割........................................................................................80 边缘菜单 | 翻转..............................................................................................80 边缘菜单 | 优化翻转 .............................................................................80
5.2.4 面操作菜单..................................................................................81 面操作菜单 - 常规 81 面菜单 | 移动..............................................................................................81 面菜单 | 旋转 ...........................................................................................81 面菜单 | 缩放.............................................................................................81 面菜单 | 拉伸.........................................................................................81 面菜单 | 拉伸区域..................................................................................82 面菜单 | 提取区域..............................................................................82 面菜单 | 平铺..........................................................................................82 面菜单 | 内插..............................................................................................82 面菜单 | 内切 .........................................................................................82 面菜单 | 倒角 .............................................................................................83 面菜单 | 桥接............................................................................................83 面菜单 | 凸起 .............................................................................................83 面 | 抬起 ..........................................................................................................83 面 | 放置于.....................................................................................................83 快速提示 - 放置于和桥接............................................................................. 83 面菜单 | 镜像...........................................................................................83 快速提示：修复镜像平面。............................................................................ 83 面菜单 | 溶解 (Bksp) ...............................................................................83 面菜单 | 折叠........................................................................................84 面菜单 | 平滑 (S) .....................................................................................84 快速提示：平滑以检查异常。 .......................................................... 84 面菜单 | 设置材质..................................................................................84 面 | 细分 ................................................................................................84
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� 完整快捷键列表 WINGS3D 用户手册 5.2.5 对象操作菜单 ...............................................................................85 对象操作菜单 - 常规 85 对象菜单 | 移动..........................................................................................85 对象菜单 | 旋转.......................................................................................85 对象菜单 | 缩放.........................................................................................85 对象菜单 | 翻转............................................................................................85 对象菜单 | 反转........................................................................................85
快速提示：反转与内切。 ................................................................................86 对象菜单 | 收紧......................................................................................86 对象菜单 | 平滑 (S).................................................................................86 对象菜单 | 合并.....................................................................................86 对象菜单 | 分离 ...................................................................................86 对象菜单 | 清理.....................................................................................86 对象菜单 | 自动平滑 .............................................................................86 对象菜单 | 复制 ..................................................................................87 对象菜单 | 删除 (Bksp 或 Del).....................................................................87 对象菜单 | 模式..........................................................................................87 对象菜单 | 剥离纹理 ............................................................................87 对象菜单 | UV 映射 (实验性) ...........................................................87
5.4 一点教程......................................................................................................92 5.5 高级菜单命令参考指南.............................................................94 5.5.1 使用高级菜单的顶点操作...............................................................95 顶点 | 移动：左键 (LMB)...............................................................95 顶点 | 旋转：LMB.........................................................................................95 顶点 | 缩放：LMB...........................................................................................95 顶点 | 拉伸：LMB...........................................................................................95 顶点 | 平铺：LMB............................................................................................95 5.5.2 使用高级菜单的边操作.................................................................95 边 | 移动：LMB................................................................................................96 边 | 旋转：LMB...............................................................................................96 边 | 缩放：LMB ................................................................................................96 边 | 拉伸：LMB .............................................................................................96 5.5.3 使用高级菜单的面操作.................................................................97 面 | 移动：LMB...............................................................................................97 面 | 旋转：LMB............................................................................................97 面 | 缩放：LMB..............................................................................................97 面 | 拉伸：LMB..........................................................................................97 面 | 拉伸区域：LMB...............................................................................97 面 | 提取区域：LMB...............................................................................97 面 | 平铺：LMB...........................................................................................98 面 | 抬起：.........................................................................................................98 5.5.4 使用高级菜单的物体操作.................................................................99 物体 | 移动：LMB..............................................................................................99 物体 | 旋转：LMB ..............................................................................................99 物体 | 缩放：LMB ................................................................................................99 物体 | 复制：LMB...........................................................................................99 5.6 热键分配参考指南...............................................................100 第 6 章：窗口 102 6.1 概述.........................................................................................................102 快速提示：拖放..................................................................................102 6.2 几何图形.................................................................................................102 第 6.3 章：UV 映射 ...........................................................................................103 UV 映射 | 分段模式......................................................................103 继续 103
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� WINGS3D 用户手册 参考 继续 | 投影 104 继续 | 展开 104 分段依据 | 投影 104 分段依据 | 特征检测 105 AuvChart1~9 105 创建切割...........................................................................................................106 分段右键菜单 106 标记切割边缘 106 快速提示：使用切割....................................................................................... 106 分段依据 | 特征检测 107 快速提示：在对网格进行编辑后更新 UV 贴图....................................... 107 自动 UV 窗口 ..................................................................................................108 移动 108 缩放 108 旋转 108 重新缩放所有 108 重新映射 UV 108 绘制选项 108 应用纹理 108 退出 108
第 7 章：插件 109 Draw Loop 插件，作者 clacos .................................................................................109 Extended Renderman 输出插件，由 Danni Coy ([email protected]) 添加 109 Geodesic Dome Primitive 插件，作者 Nathan Hauck....................................................110 POV-Ray 插件，作者 This Guy (handle) ......................................................................110 Slide 插件，作者 clacos..........................................................................................110 文本、AI、三角化、四边形化、调整插件，作者 Howard Trickey (howardt) ..........110 圆环插件，作者 Anthony D'Agostino (scorpius) ........................................................111 翻转边插件，作者 Chris Osgood (WingsOne).........................................................111 YafRay....................................................................................................................112 WINDOWS 112 MAC 113
第 8 章：资源 114
8.1 Wings3D 链接...................................................................................................114 8.2 多边形建模链接........................................................................................115 8.3 UV 映射和纹理链接 ............................................................................116 8.4 渲染链接..................................................................................................117 8.5 图形工具 ..................................................................................................118 8.6 专业应用程序 ..........................................................................................119 8.7 图书 ...............................................................................................................120 术语表 121 致谢： 124 1.2 版 ..............................................................................................................124 1.6.1 版新增内容 ..............................................................................................124 参考文献 125 内容概览 126 草稿 1.6 131