加拿大难民程序/20.1-20.2 - 指定外国人

IRPA 第 20.1-20.2 条

《移民和难民保护法》第 20.1-20.2 条规定

Designation — human smuggling or other irregular arrival
20.1 (1) The Minister may, by order, having regard to the public interest, designate as an irregular arrival the arrival in Canada of a group of persons if he or she
(a) is of the opinion that examinations of the persons in the group, particularly for the purpose of establishing identity or determining inadmissibility — and any investigations concerning persons in the group — cannot be conducted in a timely manner; or
(b) has reasonable grounds to suspect that, in relation to the arrival in Canada of the group, there has been, or will be, a contravention of subsection 117(1) for profit, or for the benefit of, at the direction of or in association with a criminal organization or terrorist group.

Effect of designation
(2) When a designation is made under subsection (1), a foreign national — other than a foreign national referred to in section 19 — who is part of the group whose arrival is the subject of the designation becomes a designated foreign national unless, on arrival, they hold the visa or other document required under the regulations and, on examination, the officer is satisfied that they are not inadmissible.

Statutory Instruments Act
(3) An order made under subsection (1) is not a statutory instrument for the purposes of the Statutory Instruments Act. However, it must be published in the Canada Gazette.

Application for permanent residence — restriction
20.2 (1) A designated foreign national may not apply to become a permanent resident
(a) if they have made a claim for refugee protection but have not made an application for protection, until five years after the day on which a final determination in respect of the claim is made;
(b) if they have made an application for protection, until five years after the day on which a final determination in respect of the application is made; or
(c) in any other case, until five years after the day on which they become a designated foreign national.

Suspension of application for permanent residence
(2) The processing of an application for permanent residence of a foreign national who, after the application is made, becomes a designated foreign national is suspended
(a) if the foreign national has made a claim for refugee protection but has not made an application for protection, until five years after the day on which a final determination in respect of the claim is made;
(b) if the foreign national has made an application for protection, until five years after the day on which a final determination in respect of the application is made; or
(c) in any other case, until five years after the day on which the foreign national becomes a designated foreign national.

Refusal to consider application
(3) The officer may refuse to consider an application for permanent residence if
(a) the designated foreign national fails, without reasonable excuse, to comply with any condition imposed on them under subsection 58(4) or section 58.1 or any requirement imposed on them under section 98.1; and
(b) less than 12 months have passed since the end of the applicable period referred to in subsection (1) or (2).

"指定外国人" 是 IRPA 第 2 条中定义的术语

IRPA 第 2 条，即该法案的定义部分，规定 "指定外国人是指第 20.1(2) 条所赋予的含义。(étranger désigné)"。参见：加拿大难民程序/2-3 - 定义、目标和 IRPA 的适用范围#IRPA 第 2 条.

"不规则入境" 是指满足特定条件的一群人的入境

该法案第 20.1(1) 条规定，部长可根据公共利益，通过命令，将 "群体" 人员入境加拿大认定为不规则入境。 "群体" 没有定义，一般被认为是指两人或两人以上。詹妮弗·邦德教授写道："值得注意的是，该法案没有定义 "群体" 这一术语，这意味着任何不单独入境的人都有可能被认定为指定外国人。"

指定外国人制度是根据 2012 年《保护加拿大移民体系法》设立的

PCISA 改革建立了一个针对所谓的指定外国人的制度。 DFN，如该法案所定义，是指由公共安全部长怀疑在走私者的帮助下“不规则入境”的两人或两人以上的难民申请人。 被认定为 DFN 的后果包括：如果 DFN 年满 16 岁，他们将自动被拘留，直到他们的难民申请得到确定。 这是建立在加拿大在 2010 年 MV Ocean Lady 和 MV Sun Sea 号船抵达后，已经开始强制拘留泰米尔难民的做法基础上的。 此外，即使他们的申请得到批准，DFN 也不能在五年内申请永久居留权， 也不能获得旅行证件，也不能担保家庭成员。 自 2013 年实施以来，DFN 政策仅使用过一次。 要了解有关该立法的更多背景，请参阅：加拿大难民程序/加拿大难民程序的历史#2010 年和 2012 年的难民改革.