加拿大难民程序/91-91.1 - 代表或建议
< 加拿大难民程序
《移民和难民保护法》第 91-91.1 条规定
Representation or Advice Representation or advice for consideration 91 (1) Subject to this section, no person shall knowingly, directly or indirectly, represent or advise a person for consideration — or offer to do so — in connection with the submission of an expression of interest under subsection 10.1(3) or a proceeding or application under this Act.
该法第 91(1) 条规定，任何人不得代表或建议某人进行考虑 - 或提出这样做 - 除非得到该法第 91 条的授权。有关管理无偿代表律师的 RPD 规则，请参阅：加拿大难民程序/RPD 规则 3-13 - 需要提供的资料和文件#RPD 规则 5 - 律师不为考虑而行事时须作的申报。如果对代表（并非上述特定受管制职业的成员）在 IRB 面前接受服务报酬存在指控或疑虑，则应由 IRB 的《处理有关加拿大移民和难民委员会对未经授权的收费代表的投诉的政策》进行管理。[1] 另请参阅：加拿大难民程序/RPD 规则 14-16 - 记录律师#委员会拥有控制谁可以以律师身份出庭的管辖权。
Persons who may represent or advise (2) A person does not contravene subsection (1) if they are (a) a lawyer who is a member in good standing of a law society of a province or a notary who is a member in good standing of the Chambre des notaires du Québec; (b) any other member in good standing of a law society of a province or the Chambre des notaires du Québec, including a paralegal; or (c) a member in good standing of the College, as defined in section 2 of the College of Immigration and Citizenship Consultants Act.
先前的《移民法》被解释为允许不受管制的“其他律师”在 IRB 面前代表个人。2011 年对《IRPA》的修订改变了这一点，将此类代表限制在上述四类持牌人员：律师、公证人（魁北克）、移民顾问和律师助理。[2]
IRPA 第 91(2)(c) 条规定，移民和公民咨询委员会的成员必须“处于良好状态”才能在 IRB 面前代表个人进行考虑。根据委员会 2021-2 号章程，“处于良好状态”是指咨询顾问除其他事项外，已满足委员会的学习要求，并且未被暂停。移民和公民咨询委员会的章程还规定，自 2023 年 7 月 1 日起，移民顾问必须获得委员会颁发的 L3 类执照，才能被允许在移民和难民委员会面前代表个人。L3 类执照的资格要求高于一般移民工作所需的 L2 类执照资格。因此，可以将 IRPA 第 91 条解释为，“处于良好状态”是指委员会允许移民顾问在特定领域执业，因此，缺乏 L3 类执照所需的资格的移民顾问如果代表或建议某人进行考虑，则违反了 IRPA 第 91 条。另请参阅：加拿大难民程序/RPD 规则 3-13 - 需要提供的资料和文件#RPD 规则 5 - 律师不为考虑而行事时须作的申报。
Students-at-law (3) A student-at-law does not contravene subsection (1) by offering or providing representation or advice to a person if the student-at-law is acting under the supervision of a person mentioned in paragraph (2)(a) who is representing or advising the person — or offering to do so — in connection with the submission of an expression of interest under subsection 10.1(3) or a proceeding or application under this Act.
另请参阅：加拿大难民程序/RPD 规则 14-16 - 记录律师#当事人可以在诉讼中由多名律师（共同律师）代表。
Agreement or arrangement with Her Majesty (4) An entity, including a person acting on its behalf, that offers or provides services to assist persons in connection with the submission of an expression of interest under subsection 10.1(3) or an application under this Act, including for a permanent or temporary resident visa, travel documents or a work or study permit, does not contravene subsection (1) if it is acting in accordance with an agreement or arrangement between that entity and Her Majesty in right of Canada that authorizes it to provide those services. (5) [Repealed, 2019, c. 29, s. 296] (5.1) [Repealed, 2019, c. 29, s. 296] (6) [Repealed, 2019, c. 29, s. 296] (7) [Repealed, 2019, c. 29, s. 296] Québec Immigration Act (7.1) For greater certainty, the Québec Immigration Act, CQLR, c. I-0.2.1, applies to, among other persons, every person who, in Quebec, represents or advises a person for consideration — or offers to do so — in connection with a proceeding or application under this Act and is a member of the College, as defined in section 2 of the College of Immigration and Citizenship Consultants Act. (8) [Repealed, 2019, c. 29, s. 296] Penalties (9) Every person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable (a) on conviction on indictment, to a fine of not more than $200,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than two years, or to both; or (b) on summary conviction, to a fine of not more than $40,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than six months, or to both. Meaning of proceeding (10) For greater certainty, in this section, proceeding does not include a proceeding before a superior court.
第 91(2) 条规定，如果个人是加拿大移民与公民顾问学院或魁北克公证人协会的正式成员，则他们可以在本法项下的程序或申请中提供代理或建议。但是，根据第 91(10) 条，本法的这一规定不包括高等法院的程序。因此，本规定不授权移民顾问或魁北克公证人在对移民难民委员会决定的司法审查中代理客户。
Regulations 91.1 (1) The regulations may (a) establish a system of administrative penalties and consequences — including of administrative monetary penalties — applicable to the violations designated in regulations made under paragraph (b) and set the amounts of those administrative monetary penalties; (b) designate as a violation the contravention — including a contravention committed outside Canada — of any specified provision of this Act or of the regulations by any person who, directly or indirectly, represents or advises a person for consideration — or offers to do so — in connection with the submission of an expression of interest under subsection 10.1(3) or a proceeding or application under this Act; (c) prohibit acts in relation to the activity of representing or advising — or offering to do so — described in paragraph (b); and (d) provide for the power to inspect — including the power to require documents to be provided by individuals and entities for inspection — for the purpose of verifying compliance with the provisions specified in regulations made under paragraph (b). Right to request review (2) Any regulation made under paragraph (1)(a) must provide that a person referred to in any of subsections 91(2) to (4) who is the subject of a notice of violation has the right to request, from a person appointed under subsection (3), a review of the notice or of the penalty imposed. Appointment — order (3) The Governor in Council may, by order, appoint one or more Canadian citizens or permanent residents to conduct reviews in respect of notices of violation issued, or penalties imposed, under a regulation made under paragraph (1)(a) and to perform any other function conferred on them by a regulation made under that paragraph. Tenure (4) A person appointed by order under subsection (3) holds office during good behaviour for a term that the Governor in Council may specify, by order, but may be removed for cause by the Governor in Council at any time.
- ↑ 在 Gabriel Bazin 在移民难民委员会的诉讼案中，2022 CanLII 50884 (CA IRB)，第 12 段，<https://canlii.ca/t/jprvq#par12>，于 2022 年 6 月 30 日检索。
- ↑ Caruso诉安大略省律师协会，2023 ONSC 6744 (CanLII)，第 100 段，<https://canlii.ca/t/k1dzq#par100>，于 2023 年 11 月 30 日检索。