伽马
概率密度函数
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累积分布函数
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参数 |
形状 尺度
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支持
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PDF
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CDF
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均值
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![{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \operatorname {E} [X]=k\theta \!}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4bcd0564c15fa09e51ad6cef42d662ef6d1dca35)
![{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \operatorname {E} [\ln X]=\psi (k)+\ln(\theta )\!}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ade84f1fd2e20c78ef0cf51012ad6626335092c2) (参见双伽马函数) |
中位数
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没有简单的闭合形式 |
众数
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方差
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![{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \operatorname {Var} [X]=k\theta ^{2}\,\!}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/333617e4e5bd65bdbe335c76c1a7d0327573320e)
![{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \operatorname {Var} [\ln X]=\psi _{1}(k)\!}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7633714acaea7355cb1750b03b1c68d8053d6196) (参见三伽马函数 ) |
偏度
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例如峰度
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熵
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伽马分布在技术上非常重要,因为它指数分布的母分布,可以解释许多其他分布。
概率密度函数是
其中
是伽马函数。除非 p=1,否则累积分布函数无法找到,在这种情况下,伽马分布将变为指数分布。随机变量 X 的伽马分布记为
。
或者,伽马分布可以用形状参数
和逆尺度参数
,称为速率参数,进行参数化

其中,常数
可以通过将密度函数的积分设置为 1 来计算

如下


并且,通过变量替换
如下

我们首先检查概率密度函数的总积分是否为 1。

现在我们令y=x/a,这意味着dy=dx/a


![{\displaystyle \operatorname {E} [X]=\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }x\cdot {\frac {1}{a^{p}\Gamma (p)}}x^{p-1}e^{-x/a}dx}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2041b84abc19d0b68d9be98a49e51b025c98402b)
现在我们令y=x/a,这意味着dy=dx/a。
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {E} [X]=\int _{0}^{\infty }ay\cdot {\frac {1}{\Gamma (p)}}y^{p-1}e^{-y}dy}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/54f1d35c1a15d3ae2ed4481c2ec1eccf01e8b4f4)
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {E} [X]={\frac {a}{\Gamma (p)}}\int _{0}^{\infty }y^{p}e^{-y}dy}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/59e45dd2f2dc64776612607cc9c0821c049a5c63)
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {E} [X]={\frac {a}{\Gamma (p)}}\Gamma (p+1)}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9b500fdb08277ba4c426a844dd4a0293d04d5dee)
现在我们利用这个事实:
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {E} [X]={\frac {a}{\Gamma (p)}}p\Gamma (p)=ap}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec6ebf9c846951a550635d7f913c1903886bee57)
我们首先计算E[X^2]
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {E} [X^{2}]=\int _{-\infty }^{\infty }x^{2}\cdot {\frac {1}{a^{p}\Gamma (p)}}x^{p-1}e^{-x/a}dx}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dd81fa18392582d5fdf8dfe72690d597d05a22fd)
现在我们令y=x/a,这意味着dy=dx/a。
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {E} [X^{2}]=\int _{0}^{\infty }a^{2}y^{2}\cdot {\frac {1}{a\Gamma (p)}}y^{p-1}e^{-y}ady}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5ab45ebf7e86bcd131f504933497e55af902b9ce)
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {E} [X^{2}]={\frac {a^{2}}{\Gamma (p)}}\int _{0}^{\infty }y^{p+1}e^{-y}dy}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3da9177001a8304d085db66b2c51174e46c88c54)
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {E} [X^{2}]={\frac {a^{2}}{\Gamma (p)}}\Gamma (p+2)=pa^{2}(p+1)}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4d399ef4add4c2afee9106d9fcc6b035e140128c)
现在我们计算方差
![{\displaystyle \operatorname {Var} (X)=\operatorname {E} [X^{2}]-(\operatorname {E} [X])^{2}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cd5a922df13bdee788c0f06474fe002a42c25d8a)
