正弦、余弦、正切、余割、正割、余切。这些函数在数学和工程学中不断出现,并且有很多实际应用。它们也出现在更高级的数学中,特别是在处理复数的线积分以及球面坐标系和柱面坐标系等空间的替代表示时。
我们使用导数的定义,即
,
来计算出前两个。
让我们使用上述定义找到 sin(x) 的导数。
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 |
导数的定义 |
 |
三角恒等式 |
 |
因式分解 |
 |
项的分解 |
 |
极限的应用 |
 |
解 |
现在是 cos(x) 的情况。
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 |
导数的定义 |
 |
三角恒等式 |
 |
因式分解 |
 |
项的分解 |
 |
极限的应用 |
 |
解 |
因此,我们已经证明了
正弦和余弦的导数
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
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要找到正切的导数,我们只需记住
这是一个商。应用商法则,我们得到
然后,记住
,我们简化
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正切的导数
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对于正割函数,我们再次使用商法则。


最终得到
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化简后得到
正割函数的导数
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对余割函数使用相同的方法
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我们得到
余割函数的导数
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对余切函数使用与正切函数相同的方法,我们得到
余切函数的导数

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