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国际象棋开局理论/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5

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< 国际象棋开局理论 | 1. e4 | 1...e5 | 2. Nf3 | 2...Nc6
(从 国际象棋/鲁伊·洛佩兹 重定向)
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鲁伊·洛佩兹
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 white bishopc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
用Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN) 表示的棋局

r1bqkbnr/pppp1ppp/2n5/1B2p3/4P3/5N2/PPPP1PPP/RNBQK2R b

走法: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5
ECO 代码: C60—99
父节点: 国王骑士开局
应对

3. Bb5 - 西班牙开局

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标志着西班牙开局或鲁伊·洛佩兹的关键走法。 “这是大师赛中最常用的双国王兵开局；几乎所有棋手在他们职业生涯的某个阶段都采用过这种开局，而且许多棋手都从白方和黑方两侧使用过它。”

白方威胁要交换黑方 c6 骑士，留下 e5 兵无保护。 这不是一个立即的威胁，因为在 4. Bxc6 dxc6 5. Nxe5 之后，黑方可以用 5... Qd4 或 5... Qg5 取回兵。

黑方有许多应对方法。 最常见的走法是莫菲防御 3... a6。 这迫使白方对主教做出决定 - 后退还是交换。

还有许多其他走法，一些完全忽略了对骑士和兵的保护，并继续发展。

该开局以 16 世纪西班牙神父 鲁伊·洛佩兹·德·塞古拉 命名。 流行的后续走法是：3... a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 O-O 8. c3 d5 9. exd5 Nxd5 10. Nxe5 Nxe5 11. Rxe5 c6 12. d4 Bd6 13. Re1 Qh4 14. g3 Qh3。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black kingb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black pawnb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 white bishopc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
3... a6   (莫菲防御)
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 white bishopc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
3... Nf6   (柏林防御)
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black pawne6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 white bishopc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
3... d6   (斯坦尼茨防御)
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black kingg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 white bishopc5 black bishopd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
3... Bc5   (古典防御)
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black kingg7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 white bishopc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black pawng5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
3... f5   (施里曼 (雅尼什) 防御)
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 white bishopc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black knighte4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 white knightg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 black kingg1 black kingh1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
3... Nd4   (鸟防御)

理论表

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有关理论表的解释，请参阅 理论表，有关记谱法的解释，请参阅 代数记谱法。

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
莫菲防御 ...
a6		 Ba4
Nf6		 O-O
Be7		 Re1
b5		 Bb3
O-O		 =
柏林防御 ...
Nf6
 O-O
Nxe4		 d4
Nd6		 Bxc6
dxc6		 dxe5
Nf5		 +=
斯米斯洛夫防御 ...
g6
 c3
a6		 Ba4
d6		 d4
Bd7		 O-O
Bg7		 +=
古典防御 ...
Bc5
 O-O
Nd4		 Nxd4
Bxd4		 c3
Bb6		 d4
c6		 +=
施里曼防御 ...
f5
 Nc3
fxe4		 Nxe4
d5		 Nxe5
dxe4		 Nxc6
Qg5		 +=
鸟防御 ...
Nd4
 Nxd4
exd4		 O-O
Bc5		 d3
c6		 Ba4
Ne7		 +=
斯坦尼茨防御 ...
d6
 d4
Bd7		 Nc3
exd4		 Nxd4
g6		 Be3
Bg7		 +=
科齐奥防御 ...
Nge7
 O-O
g6		 c3
Bg7		 d4
exd4		 cxd4
d5		 +=
科齐奥防御 ...
Nge7
 O-O
a6		 Bc4
b5		 Bb3
d6		 d4
h6		 dxe5
g5		 exd6
Qxd6		 +=
维诺格拉多夫变例 ...
Qe7
 Bxc6
dxc6		 d4
Bg4		 dxe5
Bxf3		 Qxe5
Qxf3		 +=

在为本华夏公益教科书贡献时，请遵循 组织约定。

维基百科 在 鲁伊·洛佩兹 中有相关信息。

参考文献

[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
  • Nunn's Chess Openings. 1999. John Nunn (编辑), Graham Burgess, John Emms, Joe Gallagher. ISBN 1-8574-4221-0.
  • 卡斯帕罗夫，加里，& 基恩，雷蒙德 1989 Batsford chess openings 2. ISBN 0-8050-3409-9.
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