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象棋开局理论/1. e4

来自维基教科书,开放世界中的开放书籍
国王兵开局
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN) 中的位置
走法: 1. e4
ECO 代码: B00–B99, C00–99
父节点:起始位置
应对方案

1. e4 · 国王兵开局

[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

走法 1. e4,即国王兵开局,是所有水平棋手中最受欢迎的首步走法,也是世界冠军鲍比·菲舍的最爱,他称之为“经过检验的最佳走法”。白方以强势的开局走法打开路线,为皇后和国王主教创造了良好的发展条件(这是值得做的事情)。

1. e4 也为控制 d5 和 f5 而战,这些棋格在后面可能有用,也可能没用,因为黑方如果愿意,可以通过 1...e6 再次夺回这些棋格。如果白方想要发展一些棋子,他们通过 1. e4 控制的最重要的棋格实际上是 e4 棋格本身。只要白方在 e4 上有一颗兵,黑方就无法在 e4 上放兵,这意味着白方的 g1-骑士可以发展到 f3,而无需担心被兵踢走并损失一个节奏。

就像白方通过走 e4 间接控制了 f3 棋格一样,黑方必须牢记,如果白方能够简单地将他们 e4-兵推进到 e5,那么 f6 将不会是黑方 g8-骑士的安全棋格。黑方解决此问题的最简单方法是模仿白方,以 1...e5 作为回应。白方可能也梦想着在下一步走 d4,创造一个强大的“经典”中心,而黑方的 1...e5 会干扰这个计划。

以 1. e4 开始的开局传统上被认为比以 1. d4 开始的开局更尖锐,更有攻击性,但这是一种极端的概括,双方都会有更多机会影响最终出现的棋局类型。一般来说,1. e4 棋局比 1. d4 棋局更具强制性,这意味着任何棋局中的好走法数量都更少,因为你的对手威胁要对你做一些可怕的事情,这使得它们更容易被初学者理解。

黑方的回应

[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

黑方以 1...e5 回应的棋局称为开局,而黑方以其他走法回应的棋局称为半开局(或非对称国王兵开局)。将黑方对 1. e4 的回应视为以下反计划之一是有用的

  1. 在 e5 上放一颗兵,为黑方确保中心的一份(1...e5)。
  2. 在 d5 上放一颗兵,为黑方确保中心的一份(1...c6 或 1...e6)。
  3. 立即攻击白方的 e-兵(1...d5 或 1...Nf6)。
  4. 不理会白方的 e-兵,但阻止白方用 e4 和 d4 达到经典中心(1...e5 或 1...c5)。
  5. 忽略白方正在做的事情,允许白方建立经典中心,并在稍后处理它(1...d6,1...g6,1...Nc6,1...b6,或 1...a6)。
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...e5   (开局)

计划 1(在 e5 上放一颗兵,共享中心)可以用 1...e5 很简单地实现。黑方看到了白方拥有的东西,也想要同样东西。然而,白方认为,在对称的棋局中先走会最终有利于先走的一方。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black kingd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black pawnd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...c6   (卡罗·康防御)

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black pawnf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...e6   (法国防御)

计划 2(在 d5 上放一颗兵,共享中心)是 1...c6(卡罗·康防御)和 1...e6(法国防御)背后的动机。如果黑方试图立即将一颗兵放在 d5 上,白方会吃掉它,因此为了在 d5 上保持一颗兵,黑方需要能够用来自 c6 或 e6 的兵回吃

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black pawne5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...d5   (斯堪的纳维亚防御)

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...Nf6   (阿列克辛防御)

计划 3(攻击白方的 e-兵)会导致 1...d5(斯堪的纳维亚防御)和 1...Nf6(阿列克辛防御)。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...e5 (开局)

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black kingd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black pawnd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...c5   (西西里防御)

计划 4(阻止白方的 e4 & d4)是 1...e5(上面为计划 1 所述)的一个令人愉快的副作用。

但是,用 1...c5(西西里防御),黑方可以阻止白方的 d4 进兵,还可以创造一个不对称的攻击和反攻局势。西西里防御和 1...e5 是顶级棋手对 1. e4 最常用的回应。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black kingh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black pawnh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...g6   (现代防御)

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black pawne6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...d6   (皮尔茨防御)

计划 5(忽略白方的中心,稍后处理它)有多种实现方式。

  • 1...g6(现代防御)表明黑方打算在决定下一步行动之前,将一颗主教放在 g7 上,控制中心的一部分。
  • 1...d6 是皮尔茨防御,是对白方 1. e4 的超现代回应。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black kinge8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 white pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black knighth4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 black kinge2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white kinge1 black kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. e5 dxe5 4. dxe5 Qxd1+ 5. Kxd1 Ng4! 马将 f2 和 e5 两颗兵叉住。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 dad6 black pawne6 daf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 dad5 black kinge5 daf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 white pawne4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 white knightd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 black kinge2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
皮尔茨防御经过 3 步走后的局面。白方的 d-兵即将被削弱。

在皮尔茨防御中,走法 1...d6 准备了走法 2...Nf6。在阿列克辛防御(上面为计划 3 所述)中,1...Nf6 可以被 2. e5 回击,将马踢回来。但在皮尔茨防御中,在 1...d6 2. d4 Nf6 之后,走法 3. e5 无法奏效,因为有 3...dxe5 4. dxe5 Qxd1+ 5. Kxd1 Ng4!,将 e5 和 f2 上的兵叉住。

因此,白方通常的防御 e-兵的走法是 3. Nc3。现在,白方的 d-兵容易受到 3...c5 或 3...e5 的推进的影响,因为白方的 e-兵和 c-兵都无法防守它。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 dae6 daf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 dae5 daf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 uae4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 uae3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...Nc6   (尼姆佐维奇防御)

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black kingc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black pawnc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...b6   (欧文防御)

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black kingb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black pawnb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...a6   (圣乔治防御)

计划 5 也涵盖了许多边缘选项。

  • 1...Nc6,尼姆佐维奇防御。黑方能够用 d-兵或 e-兵的推进来应对 2. d4。
  • 1...b6 与 1...g6 的想法类似,但没有准备王翼兵卒易位的优势。
  • 1...a6 最出名的是托尼·迈尔斯对阵当时的卫冕世界冠军阿纳托利·卡尔波夫的棋局,因此被称为圣乔治防御。黑方通常会用 2...b5 跟进,在后翼展开。

罕见回应

[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

其他罕见的回应包括

  • 1...f5?,弗雷德防御/杜拉斯弃兵。这并不是一个好主意。黑方在发展方面取得了领先,但在 2. exf5 Nf6 后,并没有得到多少补偿。这可能会导致另一种愚人将死变例,在 2. exf5 g5?? 3. Qh5# 之后。
  • 1...f6?,巴恩斯防御。一种罕见的走法,并不是一个好主意,因为它移除了骑士的 f6 格,削弱了王翼。尽管如此,托马斯·威尔逊·巴恩斯(以他的名字命名)用这种开局战胜了保罗·莫菲,他是 19 世纪最具影响力的国际象棋大师之一。它的唯一好处是它超出了理论的范围。
  • 1...g5?,博格防御(与格罗布相反)是黑方另一种选择,然而这是一个糟糕的选择,因为它严重削弱了王翼。g5 兵可以作为白方(h4)以后的诱饵。这也会导致黑方愚人将死。
  • 1...a5?!,韦尔防御与 1...h5 一样薄弱。它只是浪费了一个回合。
  • 1...h5?!,皮克林防御只是浪费了一个回合,削弱了黑方的局面。
  • 1...h6?!,卡尔防御,是另一种浪费时间的走法,但通常在 2. d4 g5 之后转化为博格防御。
  • 1...Na6?! 将 b8 骑士发展到一个劣势的方格。
  • 1...Nh6?! 将 g8 骑士发展到一个劣势的方格。
  • 1...b5? 只是在 2. Bxb5 后丢掉了兵。

统计

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大致概率
白方胜 39%,和棋 29%,黑方胜 32%。
预计下一步棋的流行程度
c5 39%,e5 26%,e6 12%,c6 8%,d5 4%,d6 4%,g6 3%,Nf6 2%,Nc6 1%,b6 1%,其他走法低于 0.5%。
走法 平均值 365Chess.com(大型) Chess Tempo(所有) chessgames.com Lichess(大师) Lichess(数据库)
1...c5 39.1% 41.4 43.0 41.2 46.3 23.4
1...e5 25.9 24.0 22.2 28.6 22.7 31.8
1...e6 12.4 13.1 12.9 12.0 12.1 11.8
1...c6 7.8 7.4 8.2 7.4 7.8 8.3
1...d5 4.1 3.5 3.2 2.0 2.0 9.9
1...d6 4.0 4.3 4.3 3.5 3.6 4.3
1...g6 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.9
1...Nf6 2.1 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.8 2.5
1...Nc6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.4
1...b6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 2.0
1...a6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3
1...f5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
其他 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3

理论表

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1. e4

  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 评估
西西里防御 ...
c5
Nf3
d6
d4
cxd4
Nxd4
Nf6
Nc3
a6
Be3
e5
Nb3
Be6
f3
Be7
Qd2
O-O
+/=
鲁伊·洛佩兹开局 ...
e5
Nf3
Nc6
Bb5
a6
Ba4
Nf6
O-O
Be7
Re1
b5
Bb3
d6
c3
Na5
Bc2
c5
+/-
法式防御 ...
e6
d4
d5
Nc3
Nf6
Bg5
Be7
e5
Nfd7
Bxe7
Qxe7
f4
O-O
Nf3
c5
Qd2
Nc6
+/=
卡罗·堪防御 ...
c6
d4
d5
Nc3
dxe4
Nxe4
Bf5
Ng3
Bg6
h4
h6
Nf3
Nd7
h5
Bh7
Bd3
Bxd3
+/=
斯堪的纳维亚防御 ...
d5
exd5
Qxd5
Nc3
Qa5
d4
Nf6
Nf3
c6
Bc4
Bf5
Bd2
e6
Nd5
Qd8
Nxf6
Qxf6
+/=
皮尔茨防御 ...
d6
d4
Nf6
Nc3
g6
f4
Bg7
Nf3
O-O
Bd3
Na6
O-O
c5
d5
Rb8
Qe2
Nc7
+/-
现代防御 ...
g6
d4
Bg7
Nc3
d6
f4
a6
Nf3
b5
Bd3
Bb7
Qe2
Nc6
e5
Nh6
d5
Nb4
+/-
阿列克辛防御 ...
Nf6
e5
Nd5
d4
d6
c4
Nb6
f4
dxe5
fxe5
c5
d5
e6
Nc3
exd5
cxd5
Qh4+
+-
尼姆佐维奇防御 ...
Nc6
d4
d5
e5
Bf5
Nf3
e6
Bb5
a6
Bxc6+
bxc6
O-O
c5
c3
cxd4
cxd4
h6
+-
欧文防御 ...
b6
d4
Bb7
Bd3
e6
Nf3
c5
c3
Nf6
Qe2
Be7
O-O
Nc6
e5
Nd5
dxc5
bxc5
+/-
圣乔治防御 ...
a6
d4
b5
Nf3
Bb7
Bd3
Nf6
Qe2
e6
O-O
c5
c3
d5
e5
Nfd7
dxc5
Nxc5
+/-
杜拉斯弃兵 ...
f5
exf5

Nf6

d4

d5

Bd3

c5

c3

c4

Bc2

e6

Qe2

Bd6

fxe6

Qe7

Nf3

Bxe6

+-
巴恩斯防御 ...
f6
d4
e6
Bd3
Ne7
Nf3
c5
d5
d6
O-O
Ng6
Nc3
e5
Re1
Be7
Ne2
O-O
+-
博格防御 ...
g5
d4

Bg7

Bxg5

c5

c3

Qb6

Nf3

cxd4

cxd4

Nc6

Nc3!?

Nxd4

Nd5!

Qxb2

Rc1

Nxf3+

+-
韦尔防御 ...
a5
d4

e6

Nc3

d5

Bd3

Nc6

Nf3

Nb4

Be2

dxe4

Nxe4

h6

O-O

Nf6

Nxf6+

Qxf6

+-
皮克林防御 ...
h5
d4

e6

Nf3

d5

exd5

exd5

Bd3

Bd6

O-O

Kf8

Re1

Nc6

h3

Nb4

Bf1

Bf5

+-
卡尔防御 ...
h6
d4

e6

Bd3

d5

Nc3

c5

dxc5

Bxc5

exd5

exd5

Bb5+

Nd7

Qxd5

Qe7+

Qe4

a6

+/-
奥尼尔弃兵 ...
b5
Bxb5

Bb7

Nc3

Nf6

Qe2

e6

Nf3

a6

Ba4

c5

O-O

Nc6

Bxc6

Bxc6

Ne5

Bb7

+-

所有可能的黑色走法

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快速
导航
Na6
a6
a5

b6
b5
Nc6
c6
c5

d6
d5

e6
e5
Nf6
f6
f5

g6
g5
Nh6
h6
h5

参考文献

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  • 卡斯帕罗夫,加里,& 基恩,雷蒙德 1989 Batsford 国际象棋开局 2ISBN 0-8050-3409-9
  • Nunn's Chess Openings。 1999. 约翰·纳恩(编辑),格雷厄姆·伯吉斯,约翰·埃姆斯,乔·加拉格尔。 ISBN 1-8574-4221-0
  • Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14。 1999. 尼克·德·费米安,沃尔特·科恩。 ISBN 0-8129-3084-3


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