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国际象棋开局理论/1.e4

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国王兵开局
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
福赛斯-爱德华兹记谱法 (FEN) 位置
走法: 1. e4
ECO 代码: B00–B99C00–99
父级:起始位置
回应

1. e4 · 国王兵开局

[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

1. e4,即国王兵开局,是所有水平棋手最流行的第一步棋,也是世界冠军鲍比·菲舍尔最喜欢的开局走法,他称之为“经检验最佳”。白方主动的开局走法为后和王翼主教打开了路线(这是件好事)。

1. e4 还争夺对 d5 和 f5 的控制权,这些位置在后续可能重要也可能不重要,因为黑方如果愿意,可以通过 1...e6 再次夺回这些位置。如果白方想要发展一些棋子,通过 1. e4 控制的最重要的位置实际上是 e4 位置本身。只要 e4 上有白方兵,e4 上就不能有黑方兵,这意味着白方的 g1 骑士可以发展到 f3,而不用担心被兵赶走并损失一个 tempo。

就像白方通过下 e4 间接控制了 f3 位置一样,黑方必须记住,如果白方简单地将 e4 兵推进到 e5,那么 f6 将不是黑方 g8 骑士的安全位置。黑方解决此问题的最简单方法是模仿白方,以 1...e5 作为回应。白方也可能梦想着下一步下 d4,形成一个强大的“古典”中心,而黑方 1...e5 干扰了这个计划。

以 1. e4 开局的棋局传统上被认为比以 1. d4 开局的棋局更犀利和进攻性,但这只是一个极端的概括,双方都有更多机会影响出现的棋局类型。总体而言,1. e4 局面比 1. d4 局面更具强制性,这意味着任何棋局中好棋的数量较少,因为你的对手威胁要对你做一些可怕的事情,这使得初学者更容易理解。

黑方的回应

[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

黑方以 1...e5 回应的棋局称为开放局,而黑方以其他走法回应的棋局则被称为半开放局(或非对称国王兵开局)。将黑方对 1. e4 的回应视为以下反计划之一是有帮助的

  1. 在 e5 上放置一个兵,为黑方争夺中心控制权 (1...e5)。
  2. 在 d5 上放置一个兵,为黑方争夺中心控制权 (1...c6 或 1...e6)。
  3. 立即攻击白方的 e 兵 (1...d5 或 1...Nf6)。
  4. 不理会白方的 e 兵,但阻止白方通过 e4 和 d4 建立古典中心 (1...e5 或 1...c5)。
  5. 忽略白方正在做的事情,允许白方建立古典中心,并在稍后处理 (1...d6, 1...g6, 1...Nc6, 1...b6 或 1...a6)。
a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...e5 (开放局)

计划 1(在 e5 上放置兵,共享中心)可以通过 1...e5 非常简单地执行。黑方看到白方做了什么,也想要同样的东西。然而,白方的论点是,在对称位置中先走棋最终将有利于先走棋的棋手。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black kingd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black pawnd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...c6 (卡罗-康防御)

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black pawnf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...e6 (法国防御)

计划 2(在 d5 上放置兵,共享中心)是 1...c6,即卡罗-康防御,和 1...e6,即法国防御背后的动机。如果黑方试图立即在 d5 上放置一个兵,白方将吃掉它,因此为了保持 d5 上的兵,黑方需要能够从 c6 或 e6 回吃

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black pawne5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...d5 (斯堪的纳维亚防御)

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...Nf6 (阿列欣防御)

计划 3(攻击白方的 e 兵)导致 1...d5,即斯堪的纳维亚防御,和 1...Nf6,即阿列欣防御。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black kingf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...e5 (开放局)

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black kingd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black pawnd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...c5 (西西里防御)

计划 4(阻止白方的 e4 和 d4)是 1...e5(上面提到的计划 1)的一个令人愉快的副作用。

但是,通过 1...c5,即西西里防御,黑方可以阻止白方的 d4 前进,并创造一个非对称的攻防局面。西西里防御和 1...e5 是顶级棋手中对 1. e4 最流行的回应。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black kingh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black pawnh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...g6 (现代防御)

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black pawne6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...d6 (皮尔茨防御)

执行计划 5(忽略白方的中心,稍后处理)有多种方法。

  • 1...g6,即现代防御,表明黑方打算在决定进一步行动之前,将一个主教放在 g7 控制中心的一大片区域。
  • 1...d6 是皮尔茨防御,是对白方 1. e4 的超现代回应。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black kinge8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 white pawnf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 black kingf4 black kingg4 black knighth4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 black kinge2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white kinge1 black kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. e5 dxe5 4. dxe5 Qxd1+ 5. Kxd1 Ng4! 骑士叉住 f2 和 e5。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black kingh8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black kinge7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 dad6 black pawne6 daf6 black knightg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 dad5 black kinge5 daf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 white pawne4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 white knightd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 black kinge2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 black kingc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
皮尔茨防御走完 3 步后的局面。白方的 d 兵接下来将受到威胁。

在皮尔茨防御中,1...d6 准备了 2...Nf6。在阿列欣防御(上面提到的计划 3)中,1...Nf6 可以被 2. e5 回击,将骑士赶回去。但是,在皮尔茨防御中,在 1...d6 2. d4 Nf6 后,3. e5 不起作用,因为 3...dxe5 4. dxe5 Qxd1+ 5. Kxd1 Ng4! 叉住了 e5 和 f2 上的兵。

因此,白方通常用来防守 e 兵的走法是 3. Nc3。现在,白方的 d 兵容易受到 3...c5 或 3...e5 的推进的威胁,因为白方的 e 兵和 c 兵都不能防守它。

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black kingc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black kingc6 black knightd6 dae6 daf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 dae5 daf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 uae4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 uae3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...Nc6 (尼姆佐维奇防御)

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black pawnb7 black kingc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black kingb6 black pawnc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...b6 (欧文防御)

a b c d e f g h
8a8 black rookb8 black knightc8 black bishopd8 black queene8 black kingf8 black bishopg8 black knighth8 black rook8
7a7 black kingb7 black pawnc7 black pawnd7 black pawne7 black pawnf7 black pawng7 black pawnh7 black pawn7
6a6 black pawnb6 black kingc6 black kingd6 black kinge6 black kingf6 black kingg6 black kingh6 black king6
5a5 black kingb5 black kingc5 black kingd5 black kinge5 black kingf5 black kingg5 black kingh5 black king5
4a4 black kingb4 black kingc4 black kingd4 black kinge4 white pawnf4 black kingg4 black kingh4 black king4
3a3 black kingb3 black kingc3 black kingd3 black kinge3 black kingf3 black kingg3 black kingh3 black king3
2a2 white pawnb2 white pawnc2 white pawnd2 white pawne2 black kingf2 white pawng2 white pawnh2 white pawn2
1a1 white rookb1 white knightc1 white bishopd1 white queene1 white kingf1 white bishopg1 white knighth1 white rook1
a b c d e f g h
1...a6 (圣乔治防御)

计划 5 还涵盖了一些边缘选项。

  • 1...Nc6,即尼姆佐维奇防御。黑方能够以 d 兵或 e 兵的推进来回应 2. d4。
  • 1...b6 与 1...g6 的思路类似,但没有准备王翼易位的优势。
  • 1...a6 主要因为托尼·迈尔斯对阵当时的国际象棋世界冠军阿纳托利·卡尔波夫时使用了它而闻名,因此获得了圣乔治防御的名称。黑方通常会跟进 2...b5,在后翼展开进攻。

罕见的回应

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其他罕见的回应包括

  • 1...f5?,即弗雷德防御/杜拉斯弃兵。这不是一个好主意。黑方在发展上领先,但在 2. exf5 Nf6 后,几乎没有补偿牺牲的兵。在 2. exf5 g5??3. Qh5# 后,这可能导致另一种愚人将死变体。
  • 1...f6?,即巴恩斯防御。一个罕见的走法,不是一个好主意,因为它移除了骑士的 f6 位置并削弱了王翼。即便如此,托马斯·威尔逊·巴恩斯(以他命名)也用此开局击败了保罗·莫菲,后者是 19 世纪最有影响力的国际象棋大师之一。它唯一的优势是可以跳出理论。

  • 1...g5?,博格防御(格罗布的反面)是黑方另一种选择,然而它很糟糕,因为它严重削弱了王翼。g5兵可以作为白方(h4)以后的诱饵。这也会导致黑方出现愚人将杀。
  • 1...a5?!,韦尔防御与1...h5一样弱。它只是浪费了一个 tempo。
  • 1...h5?!,皮克林防御仅仅浪费了一个 tempo 并削弱了黑方的阵型。
  • 1...h6?!,卡尔防御,是另一个浪费时间的着法,但它通常会在2. d4 g5后转变成博格防御。
  • 1...Na6?! 将b8马发展到一个劣势方格。
  • 1...Nh6?! 将g8马发展到一个劣势方格。
  • 1...b5? 仅仅会因为2. Bxb5而损失一个兵。

统计数据

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大概率
白方胜率39%,和棋29%,黑方胜率32%。
预计下一步走法流行度
c5 39%,e5 26%,e6 12%,c6 8%,d5 4%,d6 4%,g6 3%,Nf6 2%,Nc6 1%,b6 1%,其他走法小于0.5%。
走法 平均值 365Chess.com(大型数据库) Chess Tempo(所有棋局) chessgames.com Lichess(大师棋局) Lichess(数据库)
1...c5 39.1% 41.4 43.0 41.2 46.3 23.4
1...e5 25.9 24.0 22.2 28.6 22.7 31.8
1...e6 12.4 13.1 12.9 12.0 12.1 11.8
1...c6 7.8 7.4 8.2 7.4 7.8 8.3
1...d5 4.1 3.5 3.2 2.0 2.0 9.9
1...d6 4.0 4.3 4.3 3.5 3.6 4.3
1...g6 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.9
1...Nf6 2.1 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.8 2.5
1...Nc6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.4
1...b6 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 2.0
1...a6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3
1...f5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
其他所有走法 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3

理论表

[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

1. e4

  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 评估
西西里防御 ...
c5
Nf3
d6
d4
cxd4
Nxd4
Nf6
Nc3
a6
Be3
e5
Nb3
Be6
f3
Be7
Qd2
O-O
+/=
鲁伊·洛佩兹开局 ...
e5
Nf3
Nc6
Bb5
a6
Ba4
Nf6
O-O
Be7
Re1
b5
Bb3
d6
c3
Na5
Bc2
c5
+/-
法国防御 ...
e6
d4
d5
Nc3
Nf6
Bg5
Be7
e5
Nfd7
Bxe7
Qxe7
f4
O-O
Nf3
c5
Qd2
Nc6
+/=
卡罗-坎防御 ...
c6
d4
d5
Nc3
dxe4
Nxe4
Bf5
Ng3
Bg6
h4
h6
Nf3
Nd7
h5
Bh7
Bd3
Bxd3
+/=
斯堪的纳维亚防御 ...
d5
exd5
Qxd5
Nc3
Qa5
d4
Nf6
Nf3
c6
Bc4
Bf5
Bd2
e6
Nd5
Qd8
Nxf6
Qxf6
+/=
皮尔茨防御 ...
d6
d4
Nf6
Nc3
g6
f4
Bg7
Nf3
O-O
Bd3
Na6
O-O
c5
d5
Rb8
Qe2
Nc7
+/-
现代防御 ...
g6
d4
Bg7
Nc3
d6
f4
a6
Nf3
b5
Bd3
Bb7
Qe2
Nc6
e5
Nh6
d5
Nb4
+/-
阿列欣防御 ...
Nf6
e5
Nd5
d4
d6
c4
Nb6
f4
dxe5
fxe5
c5
d5
e6
Nc3
exd5
cxd5
Qh4+
+-
尼姆佐维奇防御 ...
Nc6
d4
d5
e5
Bf5
Nf3
e6
Bb5
a6
Bxc6+
bxc6
O-O
c5
c3
cxd4
cxd4
h6
+-
欧文防御 ...
b6
d4
Bb7
Bd3
e6
Nf3
c5
c3
Nf6
Qe2
Be7
O-O
Nc6
e5
Nd5
dxc5
bxc5
+/-
圣乔治防御 ...
a6
d4
b5
Nf3
Bb7
Bd3
Nf6
Qe2
e6
O-O
c5
c3
d5
e5
Nfd7
dxc5
Nxc5
+/-
杜拉斯弃兵 ...
f5
exf5

Nf6

d4

d5

Bd3

c5

c3

c4

Bc2

e6

Qe2

Bd6

fxe6

Qe7

Nf3

Bxe6

+-
巴恩斯防御 ...
f6
d4
e6
Bd3
Ne7
Nf3
c5
d5
d6
O-O
Ng6
Nc3
e5
Re1
Be7
Ne2
O-O
+-
博格防御 ...
g5
d4

Bg7

Bxg5

c5

c3

Qb6

Nf3

cxd4

cxd4

Nc6

Nc3!?

Nxd4

Nd5!

Qxb2

Rc1

Nxf3+

+-
韦尔防御 ...
a5
d4

e6

Nc3

d5

Bd3

Nc6

Nf3

Nb4

Be2

dxe4

Nxe4

h6

O-O

Nf6

Nxf6+

Qxf6

+-
皮克林防御 ...
h5
d4

e6

Nf3

d5

exd5

exd5

Bd3

Bd6

O-O

Kf8

Re1

Nc6

h3

Nb4

Bf1

Bf5

+-
卡尔防御 ...
h6
d4

e6

Bd3

d5

Nc3

c5

dxc5

Bxc5

exd5

exd5

Bb5+

Nd7

Qxd5

Qe7+

Qe4

a6

+/-
奥尼尔弃兵 ...
b5
Bxb5

Bb7

Nc3

Nf6

Qe2

e6

Nf3

a6

Ba4

c5

O-O

Nc6

Bxc6

Bxc6

Ne5

Bb7

+-

所有可能的黑色走法

[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
快速
导航
Na6
a6
a5

b6
b5
Nc6
c6
c5

d6
d5

e6
e5
Nf6
f6
f5

g6
g5
Nh6
h6
h5

参考文献

[编辑 | 编辑源代码]
  • 卡斯帕罗夫,加里,& 基恩,雷蒙德 1989 Batsford 国际象棋开局 2ISBN 0-8050-3409-9
  • 纳恩的国际象棋开局。1999。约翰·纳恩(编辑),格雷厄姆·伯吉斯,约翰·埃姆斯,乔·加拉格尔。 ISBN 1-8574-4221-0
  • 现代国际象棋开局:MCO-14。1999。尼克·德·费米安,沃尔特·科恩。 ISBN 0-8129-3084-3


[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

有关理论表的解释,请参阅理论表,有关记谱法的解释,请参阅代数记谱法

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