英语使用/副词
总览 | 目录 • 简介 |
词性 | 冠词 • 名词 • 动词 • 动名词和分词 • 代词 • 形容词 • 副词 • 介词、连词和感叹词 |
其他主题 | 正字法 • 标点符号 • 句法 • 修辞格 • 词汇表 |
外部 | 资源 |
副词是添加到动词、分词、形容词或其他副词的词;通常表达时间、地点、程度或方式:如,
- "他们现在就在这里,非常勤奋地学习。"
副词可以修饰动词、从句、形容词或短语。
形容词通常通过添加ly后缀变成副词。Ly是like的缩写,是副词最常见的结尾。当添加到名词时,它会形成形容词;但其中一些也被用作副词:如,daily, weekly, monthly。
副词的例子有
- "杰克正在快速地游泳。"
- "不幸地是,他输掉了比赛。"
- "我们告诉他跑得更快。"
在第一个句子中,副词修饰动词游泳。形容词quick添加了ly变成了副词。在第二个句子中,它修饰整个句子,在最后一个例子中,副词much修饰副词faster。
副词没有变化,只有一小部分像形容词一样进行比较:如,soon, sooner, soonest; long, longer, longest; fast, faster, fastest。
以下是不规则比较:well, better, best; badly or ill, worse, worst; little, less, least; much, more, most; far, farther, farthest; forth, further, furthest。
副词可以归纳为四类;即时间副词、地点副词、程度副词和方式副词。除此之外,还应区分连接副词这一特殊类别。
时间副词是回答什么时候?多久?多久以后?或多久一次?的问题的副词。
现在的时间:如,now, yet, today, nowadays, presently, instantly, immediately, straightway, directly, forthwith。
过去的时间:如,already, just now, lately, recently, yesterday, formerly, anciently, once, heretofore, hitherto, since, till now, long ago, erewhile, erst。
将来的时间:如,tomorrow, hereafter, henceforth, henceforward, by-and-by, soon, erelong, shortly。
相对的时间:如,when, then, first, just, before, after, while, whilst, meanwhile, as, till, until, seasonably, betimes, early, late, whenever, afterward, afterwards, otherwhile, otherwhiles。
绝对的时间:如,always, ever, never, aye, eternally, forever, perpetually, continually, incessantly, endlessly, evermore, everlastingly。
重复的时间:如,often, oft, again, occasionally, frequently, sometimes, seldom, rarely, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, annually, once, twice, thrice, or three times。
超过三次,我们只使用四次、五次、六次等短语。次数,表示重复或实例,可以认为是一个名词;但这些短语经常被用作副词。
程度副词是回答多少?多少?或更多或更少的概念的副词。
过多或丰富:如,much, more, most, too, very, greatly, far, besides; chiefly, principally, mainly, mostly, generally; entirely, full, fully, completely, perfectly, wholly, totally, altogether, all, quite, clear, stark; exceedingly, excessively, extravagantly, intolerably; immeasurably, inconceivably, infinitely。
平等或足够:如,enough, sufficiently, competently, adequately, proportionally, equally, so, as, even, just, exactly, precisely。
不足或减少:如,little, less, least, scarcely, hardly, scantly, scantily merely, barely, only, but, partly, partially, nearly, almost, well-nigh, not quite。
抽象的数量:如,how, however, howsoever, everso, something, anything, nothing, a groat, a sixpence,以及其他用作副词的数量名词。
方式副词是回答如何?的问题的副词,或者通过肯定、否定或怀疑,表明主体如何被看待。
从品质而来的一种方式:如,well, ill, wisely, foolishly, justly, wickedly,以及许多其他通过在品质形容词后添加ly形成的词。
肯定或同意:如,yes, yea, ay, verily, truly, indeed, surely, certainly, doubtless, undoubtedly, assuredly, certes, forsooth, amen。
否定:如,no, nay, not, nowise, noway, noways, nohow。
怀疑或不确定:如,perhaps, haply, possibly, perchance, peradventure, maybe。
模式或方式:如,thus, so, how, somehow, nohow, anyhow, however, howsoever, like, else, otherwise, across, together, apart, asunder, namely, particularly, necessarily, hesitatingly, trippingly, extempore, headlong, lengthwise。
在哪里的地点:如,where, here, there, yonder, above, below, about, around, somewhere, anywhere, elsewhere, otherwhere, everywhere, nowhere, wherever, wheresoever, within, without, whereabout, whereabouts, hereabout, hereabouts, thereabout, thereabouts。
到哪里的地点:如,whither, hither, thither, in, up, down, back, forth, aside, ashore, abroad, aloft, home, homewards, inwards, upwards, downwards, backwards, forwards。
从哪里的地点:如,whence, hence, thence, away, out, off, far, remotely。
地点的顺序:如,first, secondly, thirdly, fourthly,等等。
因此,其次的意思是在第二位;第三,在第三位;等等。
连接副词是执行连词功能的副词。以下单词最常被用作连接副词:after, again, also, as, before, besides, consequently, else, ere, even, furthermore, hence, how, however, moreover, nevertheless, as well, otherwise, since, so, still, till, then, thence, therefore, too, until, when, where, wherefore, whither, while。
原因副词:why, wherefore, therefore;但这最后两个词通常被称为连词。
代词复合词:herein, therein, wherein,等等。
副词与动词、分词、形容词或其他副词相关:如,"多么幸福",除了以下情况:独立副词,如"No",词amen,如"这些事情说amen",介词前的副词,如"All along",以及much、little、far和all,如"Thus far is right"。
- 本文的一部分内容取自公有领域英语语法"英语语法大全"由 Goold Brown 于 1851 年出版。