童子军/美国童子军/音乐荣誉徽章

此荣誉徽章的要求受美国童子军版权保护。它们在此部分转载，根据合理使用原则，作为童子军和童子军领导人用于获得和教授荣誉徽章的资源。美国童子军发布的要求应始终优先于此处列出的要求。如有任何关于要求准确性的疑问，请咨询您的荣誉徽章辅导员。
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要求 1

在您的辅导员选择的简单歌曲或圣歌中演唱或演奏，使用良好的技巧、乐句、音调、节奏和力度。阅读乐谱上的所有符号和术语。

 See Learn to Sing Better How to Play Music How to Play Guitar How to Play the Piano How to Play Basic Piano Chords Advanced Piano Playing Modern Musical Symbols List of Musical Symbols Musical Terms Key Signature Reading Music 101 Learning Music Symbols and Terms

要求 2

说出五种主要的乐器类别。制作一个插图，展示音调是如何产生的以及乐器是如何发出声音的。

 The science of musical instruments is called organology. It embraces the study of instruments' history, instruments used in different cultures, technical aspects of how instruments produce sound, and musical instrument classification.

 Musical instruments are frequently classified by the way they generate sound:

 *Woodwind instruments generate a sound when a column of air is made to vibrate inside them. The frequency of the wave generated is related to the length of the column of air and the shape of the instrument, while the tone quality of the sound generated is affected by the construction of the instrument and method of tone production. Vibrations are created by blowing air across a single reed, double reed or across a sharp-edged hole opening at or near the end of the instrument. The clarinet and saxophone families are examples of single reed woodwinds. The oboe and bassoon are examples of double reed woodwinds. Flutes produce sound when air is blown across the embouchure hole.

 *Brass instruments generate sound by sympathetic vibration of air in a tubular resonator in sympathy with the vibration of the player's lips which are “buzzed” in the instrument’s mouthpiece. There are several factors involved in producing different pitches on a brass instrument. One is alteration of the player's lip tension (or embouchure), and another is air flow. Also, slides or valves are used to change the length of the tubing, thus changing the harmonic series presented by the instrument to the player. There are two different kinds of brass: low and high. The tuba, baritone and trombone are examples of low brass. The trumpet and French horn are examples of high brass.

 *Percussion instruments generate sound, with or without a definite pitch, when hit with an implement, shaken, rubbed, scraped, or by any other action which sets the object into vibration. The shape and material of the part of the instrument to be struck and the shape of the resonating cavity, if any, determine the sound of the instrument. The term usually applies to an object used in a rhythmic context or with musical intent. Examples of definite pitch percussion are chimes, glockenspiel, handbells, marimba, steelpan, gong, timpani and xylophone. Examples of indefinite pitch percussion are bass drum, castanet, cymbal, slapstick, snare drum, tom-tom drum and tam-tam.

 *String instruments generate a sound when a string is plucked, strummed, slapped, etc.  The frequency of the wave generated (and therefore the note produced) usually depends on the length of the vibrating portion of the string, the diameter of the string, the tension of the string,  and the point at which the string is excited. The tone quality varies according to the construction of the resonating cavity (size, shape and wood used), the material the string is made of, how the string is excited into motion, and the expertise of the musician. The guitar, violin, mandolin, ukulele, harp, autoharp, harpsichord and piano are examples of string instruments.

 *Electronic instruments generate sound through electronic means. Such an instrument sounds by outputting an electrical audio signal that ultimately drives a loudspeaker. They can mimic all of the other instruments or create very unique sounds. The digital piano, electronic keyboard, organ, analog synthesizer, digital synthesizer, MIDI instruments (Musical Instrument Digital Interface), wind synthesizer, digital drums and virtual musical instruments are examples of electronic instruments.

 Many alternate divisions and further subdivisions of instruments exist. See also Classifying Musical Instruments. To learn about a specific instrument, consult the list of musical instruments or List of archaic musical instruments. 

 The human body, generating both vocal and percussive sounds, was the first human musical instrument. Most likely the first prehistoric rhythm instruments or percussion instruments involved the clapping of hands, hitting stones together, or other materials that are useful to create rhythm. The oldest flutes discovered thus far were in the Hohle Fels Cave in Germany and were dated at about 35,000 years old. All classes of instruments, other than electronic, are mentioned in ancient historic sources, such as Egyptian, Chinese, East Indian, Greek and Roman inscriptions and the Bible and have actually been recovered from historical archaeological sites from around the world.

 See Sound is Energy Vibrating String What is Sound? Changing Sounds Sounds and How Instruments Work Making Sounds With Musical Instruments

要求 3

完成以下两项

A. 参加现场表演，或聆听以下两种音乐风格的录音三个小时：布鲁斯、爵士、古典、乡村、蓝草、民族、福音、音乐剧、歌剧。描述音乐的声音和使用的乐器。识别作曲家或作词家、表演者以及您听到的曲目的标题。如果是现场表演，请描述现场环境和观众的反应。讨论您对音乐的看法。

 If there is a program, make good use of the notes.

B. 采访您的父母和祖父母关于音乐。了解他们年轻时最流行的音乐是什么。了解他们现在最喜欢的音乐是什么，并与他们一起聆听他们最喜欢的三首曲子。您觉得他们的最爱听起来如何？您是否曾经听过其中任何一首？为他们演奏您最喜欢的三首歌曲，并解释为什么您喜欢这些歌曲。询问他们对您最喜欢的音乐有什么看法。

C. 担任学校、教堂、童子军单位或其他当地音乐组织成员六个月，或作为独奏演员公开表演六次。

D. 列出五位在美国音乐史上具有重要地位的人物，并向您的辅导员解释他们为什么继续发挥影响力。至少包括一位作曲家、一位表演者、一位创新者和一位出生于 100 多年前的人。

 See Music of the United States American Popular Music Before 1900 American Popular Music From 1900 to 1950 American Popular Music From 1950 to 2000 Google Timeline 1760–2011 American Music Timeline 1640–1890 American Composers List of American Composers  List of American Songwriters

要求 4

完成以下一项

A. 教三首歌给一群人。带领他们唱这些歌，使用正确的动作。

 *Teaching a Song. These tips will get you started and help you relax and have some fun, too.
 1. Practice the words and the melody of the song you will teach until you know the song by heart.
 2. Smile at the group. Be enthusiastic and act confident, even if this is your first time teaching a song.
 3. Start with a lively, well-known warm-up number, so everyone (including you) can sing with confidence.
 4. Tell the group the name of the song, and provide copies of the lyrics. Use songbooks or song sheets, or write the lyrics on a blackboard or large sheet of paper.
 5. Sing the song through alone or with a small group that already knows it.
 6. Then sing phrase by phrase and have the group repeat after you. If the song has several verses, teach one verse at a time.
 7 When the group has learned the phrases or verses, sing the song all together. If the song is fast or difficult, sing it slowly at first, then pick up speed as the singers master it.
 8. Musical accompaniment helps. Piano, accordion, guitar and harmonica are good accompaniments because they can play harmony, not just the melody.
 9. When the group has sung the song a time or two, stop. Do not work so hard that it is no longer fun. Go all at once to a familiar song.
 Boy Scouts of America Merit Badge Series, Music, #35921, page 49, 2010.

 *Leading a Song. Because teaching is a part of song leading, many of the previous tips apply to both. Here are a few more hints to help you lead songs successfully.
 1. Give the starting note. Sing or hum a few bars of the song. Or, have a few bars played, if an instrument is available. Be careful not to pitch the song too high or low. If you start the group on the wrong note, stop and start over.
 2. Start with a slight upward arm motion followed by a decisive downward motion (a downbeat), and begin singing. Do not worry if some don’t start with the first note. They will join quickly.
 3. Beat time with a simple down-and-up motion of the arm. Hold your arm high enough for everyone to see, and make your gestures definite and brisk. You are in command.
 4. Control volume by raising your free hand for loudness and lowering it for softness.
 5. Move around a little, put some energy into it, and smile.
 6. Stop while everyone is still having fun. Leave the group wanting more.
 Boy Scouts of America Merit Badge Series, Music, #35921, page 50, 2010.

 See Conducting Tips Learn Music Conducting Techniques Conducting The Conducting Beat Patterns Conducting Music Conducting Interactive Conducting Course Interactive Conducting Course PDF

B. 为一首 12 小节或以上长度的乐曲创作并编写乐谱。

 See MusicTheory.net Music Theory  Chord Chart In Sequence Chord House Money Chords Free Printable Staff Paper More Free Printable Staff Paper

C. 制作一件传统乐器并学习演奏它。

 See Kinder Art Wanna Learn Building Musical Instruments

D. 编目您自己或您家人的 12 张或以上光盘、磁带或唱片的收藏。展示如何处理和存放它们。

 *Classifying Your Collection. Classify (organize) your recordings in a way that suits you, but keep your system simple and flexible. You can classify recordings in several ways:
 •	In chronological order of the periods during which the music was written.
 •	In alphabetical order, by names of performers, composers or titles.
 •	By category—classical, folk, jazz, country, rock, etc.
 •	In numerical order, by catalog numbers.
 •	In combinations of these or according to your own numbering system.
 Boy Scouts of America Merit Badge Series, Music, #35921, page 62, 2010.

 *Caring for Compact Discs (CD) and Players.
 •	Handle CDs carefully by the edges.
 •	After playing, store each CD in its protective plastic case. CDs can be stored horizontally or vertically in storage units.
 •	A carrying case is good for organizing CDs as well as for transporting them.
 •	Wipe carefully handled CDs with a soft cloth, stroking from the center to the rim. If a CD has been soiled, you can clean it gently with soap and water.
 •	Place a CD on a level surface, away from dampness, high humidity, and extreme heat. Protect it from strong vibrations or jolting.
 •	CD players ordinarily need no maintenance. If the player malfunctions, consult your dealer or a repair shop. Repair requires a trained technician and specialized tools.

 *Handling Records.
 •	Handle records by the edges. Avoid touching the grooved surfaces. Use a soft brush or cloth to keep them free of dust, making strokes in a circular direction along the grooves.
 •	When you play the records manually, lower the tone arm onto the record gently. A bumpy landing can scratch and injure the record and damage the needle.
 •	Be sure the needle (stylus) is in good condition at all times. A worn needle can ruin your records. Replace diamond needles after every 1,000 hours of play.
 •	Discard records that are cracked or full of nicks. They can damage the needle.

 *Caring for Tapes and Tape Players.
 •	Clean and demagnetize the tape heads after at least every 20 hours of use to remove tiny particles that tapes leave behind. Do this especially before you plan to record an important program or play a valuable tape. Use cotton swabs soaked with denatured, not isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol. You can buy denatured alcohol or a special cleaning solution from an electronics or music store. Allow the heads to dry for 30 minutes before inserting a tape.
 •	After you have cleaned the heads, use the swabs to clean the metal guides along the tape path.
 •	To avoid erasing a cassette tape by accident, remove the small plastic tabs on the back of the cassette. Use a small screwdriver to pry out the tabs. Commercially recorded tapes already have he tabs removed.

 *Storage.
 Store record albums in an upright position and fit snugly against each other. Flat or slanted storage will cause the records to warp. Store tapes and CDs in a cabinet or case that protects them from dust and allows you to keep them organized and safe.
 Boy Scouts of America Merit Badge Series, Music, #35921, pages 66-67, 2010.

 See Manage Your Growing Disc Collection – Tools and Tricks Storing Your CD Collection Shelving Your CD Collection Organizing and Storing Your CD and DVD Disks More Storage Means More Freedom

E. 简述军号的历史，并解释军号与其他黄铜管乐器之间的关系。演示军号如何发出声音，然后解释如何保养、清洁和维护军号。

 See Bugle History of the Bugle Evolution of the Bugle How to Play a Bugle How to Blow a Bugle How to Tune a Bugle How to Play a Trumpet How to Take Care of a Bugle How to Clean Brass Instruments

F. 为您的队伍或巡逻队创作一个军号信号，用于发出常见的集体活动信号，例如集合用餐或收起营地。在您的单位或巡逻队面前演奏您创作的信号。

G. 吹奏以下军号信号：“第一声号”、“起床号”、“集合号”、“进餐号”、“升旗号”和“熄灯号”。然后解释每个信号的使用场合。

 “First Call” is generally used to just get everyone’s attention that something will be happening soon (like assembly) and is sometimes used at race tracks as the “call to the post” (horses get in line to start the race).
 “Reveille” is used to awaken people and lets them know it is time to get up and about.
 “Assembly” is used to call everyone together, for everyone to “fall in”, often at a designated place.
 “Mess” signals that it is time to eat. It is also used at times at athletic events to stir up the crowd.
 “To The Colors” is a bugle call to render honors to the nation. The most common use is when the national flag is being lowered at the end of the day (where everyone may be assembled as well). It commands the same courtesies as the National Anthem.
 “Taps” signifies “lights out” at the end of the evening. Lyrics can be sung to it called “Day is Done”. It may also be played during flag ceremonies and at funerals, particularly for veterans.
 Bugle Calls Music More Bugle Calls Music and Listen to Bugle Calls Listen to Bugle Calls

外部链接

• 美国童子军音乐荣誉徽章书籍资源 音乐荣誉徽章工作簿PDF。